tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16798766560248578692024-03-19T19:34:39.734+09:00MY ARCHITECTURAL MOLESKINE®Notes on a journey through landscape and architecture.Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.comBlogger159125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-15502832271493123232016-02-23T12:53:00.000+09:002018-11-05T22:53:01.359+09:00JAPANESE METABOLISM AS CATALYZER OF POST WAR RECONSTRUCTION - RIBA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oqS58egV7i0/To79j0_-7TI/AAAAAAAANRI/ydcaRPm8ueQ/s1600/tange%2Btokyo%2B1.jpg" style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #772315; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660740573615549746" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oqS58egV7i0/To79j0_-7TI/AAAAAAAANRI/ydcaRPm8ueQ/s400/tange%2Btokyo%2B1.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 328px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
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The following is an excerpt of my article presented as a "piece" at the exhibition <b>"<a href="https://www.architecture.com/Explore/ExhibitionsandEvents/CreationFromCatastrophe/CreationFromCatastrophe.aspx">Creation from Catastrophe: How architecture rebuilds communities</a>"</b>, presented by the Royal Institute of British Architects - <b>RIBA </b>- in London, UK, from January 27th to 24 April 24th 2016. This exhibition "<i>considers the evolving relationship between man, architecture and nature and asks whether we are now facing a paradigm shift in how we live and build in the 21st century</i>" and presents samples from London in 1666, 18th century Lisbon, 19th century Chicago, 20th century Skopje, and current day Nepal, Nigeria, Japan, Chile, Pakistan and USA.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eQoEbv1IxLk/VsvPNFiQjbI/AAAAAAAAUl4/TeFvoBKaZU4/s1600/Untitled-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eQoEbv1IxLk/VsvPNFiQjbI/AAAAAAAAUl4/TeFvoBKaZU4/s400/Untitled-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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I would like to express my appreciation and thankfulness to RIBA for inviting me to contribute to this important event. The concept behind this piece is to structure the ideas and works that defined the Metabolism Movement in Japan as a response of the reconstruction that followed World War II. This process has been divided in particular stages: the Event, the Iconic Building, the Symbolic Reconstruction, the Genesis of the Movement, Experimentation, Climax and Worldwide Influences.<br />
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Finally it insinuates a resemblance with a more recent tragedy that hit Japan: the<a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.pe/2011/05/tsunami-in-japan-in-midst-of-disaster.html"> 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a>.<br />
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<b>JAPANESE METABOLISM AS CATALYZER OF POST WAR RECONSTRUCTION</b><br />
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THE EVENT<br />
At 8:15 in the morning of August 6th 1945 the first atomic bomb was dropped over the hustled streets of Hiroshima. Living beings and buildings alike were devastated under that gigantic blast. However, there were survivors, both humans and edifices, who managed to withstand that hellish event.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EnELwMG7Xbg/VsvRYmVsEtI/AAAAAAAAUmE/H0UB3PZloz0/s1600/detail_small_No.1-photo-by-Shigeo-HAYASHI-RA119-Panorama1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EnELwMG7Xbg/VsvRYmVsEtI/AAAAAAAAUmE/H0UB3PZloz0/s400/detail_small_No.1-photo-by-Shigeo-HAYASHI-RA119-Panorama1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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THE ICON<br />
One of the few surviving buildings became an icon and it was preserved as a symbol of the Japanese resilience in the difficult years of the post-war reconstruction: The International Promotion Hall, worldwide known nowadays as the Atomic Dome. This building became later so important that was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5102369074958475730" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/Rs9Bo-HWodI/AAAAAAAADQc/CtYNDrtoPSQ/s400/paz.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; text-align: center;" /><br />
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SYMBOLIC RECONSTRUCTION</div>
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This symbolism is evident in Kenzo Tange’s plan for
<a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.pe/2010/08/hiroshima-peace-park.html">Hiroshima’s Peace Park</a>, built just 4 years after the end of the war. Arranged
around a linear axis pointing at the Atomic Dome and framed by monuments and a
museum raised from the ground by columns. Tange underlined a connection between
the past and the future, between a horse seat samurai monument and modern
architecture heavily influenced by Corbusian principles.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/TFb_fKK1O2I/AAAAAAAAHs8/ZDaEcertt7Y/s1600/DSC_6858+copy.jpg" style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #21a736; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: justify;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5500864905650453346" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/TFb_fKK1O2I/AAAAAAAAHs8/ZDaEcertt7Y/s400/DSC_6858+copy.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
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How come a defeated Japan would embrace Western Modernism to express its reconstruction? The answer perhaps was given to me by an atomic bomb survivor while I was visiting the Hiroshima Peace Park some years ago. I asked the old gentleman an impertinent question: “<i>What do you think about the Americans now?</i>” The unexpected answer was: “<i>I respect them because they were the victors</i>”.</div>
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GENESIS OF METABOLISM</div>
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15 years later Japan’s economy was growing fast along with an unprecedented urban sprawl. In 1960 Japan’s most renowned architect detached himself from Western Modernism and mentored the most important Japanese architectural movement of the 20th century: Metabolism. During the 1960 World Design Congress Kenzo Tange and a group of his young disciples –Kisho Kurokawa, Kiyonori Kikutake, Fumihiko Maki, Masatu Osaka and others- produced a manifesto called “Metabolism: Proposals for a New Urbanism”. </div>
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On January 1st 1961 Tange presented his Plan for Tokyo Bay, a visionary proposal composed by megastructures displayed along the water to host the huge urban expansion of the city. Megastructures composed by modules that would grow like in a living organism or a meccano were characteristic of Metabolism. The proposal consisted of a fleet of units up to 300 m wide, with roofs resembling Japanese temples that seemed to be floating in the water, containing residences. The proposal differed from the ideas of CIAM, which was in favor of "urban centers" and proposed "civic areas" instead. Even if Tokyo Bay was never built, it allowed Metabolists to be exposed to a much wider public.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5i_0qQei_tw/To79jzz8VdI/AAAAAAAANRQ/p4AHYQU2MWI/s1600/tange%2Btokyo%2B2.jpg" style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #772315; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660740573296612818" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5i_0qQei_tw/To79jzz8VdI/AAAAAAAANRQ/p4AHYQU2MWI/s400/tange%2Btokyo%2B2.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: 361px;" /></a><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 11.05px; font-style: italic;">Kenzo Tange in front of his Plan for Tokyo in 1960</span></div>
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EXPERIMENTATION<br />
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The Tokyo Olympics of 1962 sent a message that the agonic years of the post-war were being left behind and they were replaced by an optimistic vision of the future. The <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.pe/2011/10/kenzo-tange-yoyogi-national-gymnasium.html">National Gymnasium</a> designed by Tange in Yoyogi Park in Tokyo was a unique expression of modern Japanese architecture, which however reminded me in some details of the traditional shrine of Ise. This reference also evocates the idea of regeneration cycles, so present in Shito shrines and embraced by Metabolism.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5658751856795626978" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z51-rOCdjt8/Tofs1RhireI/AAAAAAAANIo/E7CGIBat1g0/s400/DSC_2655%2Bcopy.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; color: #a73521; display: block; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; height: 266px; line-height: 18.2px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></div>
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In the following years many urban utopias were proposed by the Metabolists, such as the renewal of Tsukiji District by Kenzo Tange (1963),the City Farm by Kurokawa, (1960), the Helix City, by Kurokawa, 1961 or the City in the air by Arata Isozaki, 1961.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s9Sxa94-5CY/To8CKpNg-gI/AAAAAAAANSI/S63pBroAb3c/s1600/tange%2Btsukiji.jpg" style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #772315; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660745638512491010" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s9Sxa94-5CY/To8CKpNg-gI/AAAAAAAANSI/S63pBroAb3c/s400/tange%2Btsukiji.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 290px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center;"></span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 18.2px;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Renewal of </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; line-height: 18.2px;">Tsukiji </span><span style="line-height: 18.2px;"><span style="font-style: italic;">District.</span></span><span style="line-height: 18.2px;"> </span><span style="font-style: italic; line-height: 18.2px;">Kenzo Tange, 1963.</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M3cvidbXVl4/To786bQSohI/AAAAAAAANOI/gzo1oH8Ns24/s1600/kokusai.JPG" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660739862329991698" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M3cvidbXVl4/To786bQSohI/AAAAAAAANOI/gzo1oH8Ns24/s400/kokusai.JPG" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: 400px;" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">International Conference Centre,</span> Kyoto.</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Sachio Otani, 1966.</span></div>
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THE CLIMAX<br />
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Besides architecture and urbanism, art was deeply involved in Metabolism, primarily through two events: the exhibition "Environmental Space", 1966, and mainly the Osaka Expo in 1970 (whose urban planning was also designed by Tange). This was a chance for artists like Katsuhiro Yamaguchi and Kiyoshi Awazu to develop creations based on the principles of Metabolism. For example, in the central square a Tower of the Sun was located, created by sculptor Taro Okamoto, which still stands today.<br />
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The Expo 70 was an outstanding occasion to show up the ideas and products of Metabolism. One of the most popular examples was the Beautilion Pavilion, by Kisho Kurokawa, 1970.Obsessed with the idea of capsules, Kurokawa organized a structural frame to which cube capsules were attached. The unfinished aesthetic conveyed the idea that it was a constantly growing project.<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sDhatibufaw/To79jG3NLeI/AAAAAAAANQo/s9UIeXTsbso/s1600/takara.jpg" style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #772315; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660740561230704098" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sDhatibufaw/To79jG3NLeI/AAAAAAAANQo/s9UIeXTsbso/s400/takara.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 319px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.2px;">Beautilion Takara, Osaka Expo.</span><span style="line-height: 18.2px;"> </span><span style="font-style: italic; line-height: 18.2px;">Kisho Kurokawa, 1970.</span><span style="line-height: 18.2px;"> </span><span style="font-style: italic; line-height: 18.2px;">Obsessed with the idea of capsules, Kurokawa organized a structural frame to which </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; line-height: 18.2px;">cube caps were </span><span style="font-style: italic; line-height: 18.2px;">attached.</span><span style="line-height: 18.2px;"> </span><span style="font-style: italic; line-height: 18.2px;">The unfinished aesthetic conveyed the idea that it was a constantly growing project</span></div>
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This idea led to the construction of the <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.pe/2011/10/kurokawa-nakagin-capsule-tower.html">Nakagin Capsule Tower</a>, perhaps the most emblematic building of the Metabolist Movement. Kurokawa's project was a bit more ambitious than the one that was actually built, and consisted of two towers housing the capsules, that could be growing organically according to future needs, according to Metabolist principles. The buildings consisted of two components: a mega-structure of reinforced concrete containing the elevators, stairs as well as bridges that interconnect to other buildings, and the capsules, which would anchor the structure in just 4 points for easy replacement every 25 years.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E2bGtf026OY/ToHY7uGzItI/AAAAAAAANAc/ztY8PYSCubU/s1600/DSC_2087+copy.jpg" style="color: #772315; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E2bGtf026OY/ToHY7uGzItI/AAAAAAAANAc/ztY8PYSCubU/s400/DSC_2087+copy.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.pe/2011/10/kurokawa-nakagin-capsule-tower.html"><i>Nakagin Capsule Tower, Kisho Kurokawa, 1972</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">.</span></a></div>
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Ironically, these events marked the decline of Metabolism, as the energy crisis of the 70’s forced to rethink the role of urban growth and cities.<br />
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INFLUENCES<br />
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Metabolism had repercussions way far beyond Japan, in places like Peru, Macedonina and United States.<br />
Kiyonori Kikutake’s proposal for the Marine City in Hawaii, in 1963 was a series of cylindrical buildings that accommodated housing units, which were attached to a fixed core. As the units became older, they were replaced by new ones, similar to regenerating cells. This was a much earlier version of Kurokawa’s Nakagin capsule tower.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8ipk1LlI6so/To8CfFYwV8I/AAAAAAAANSw/w8wWmbIIb1w/s1600/kikutake%2Bprudence.jpg" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660745989673211842" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8ipk1LlI6so/To8CfFYwV8I/AAAAAAAANSw/w8wWmbIIb1w/s400/kikutake%2Bprudence.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Marine City,</span> Hawaii.</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Kiyonori Kikutake, 1963.</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">These "rollers" were cylindrical cores from which housing units were born.</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">As the units became older, they were replaced by new ones, similar to </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">regenerating </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">cells.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Photo courtesy of</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=es&tl=en&twu=1&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/transphormetic/231450732/&usg=ALkJrhi6Fhc3AbghkJoZtIrGJRA4RjaHhA" style="color: #772315; font-style: italic; text-decoration: none;">mr.</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=es&tl=en&twu=1&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/transphormetic/231450732/&usg=ALkJrhi6Fhc3AbghkJoZtIrGJRA4RjaHhA" style="color: #772315; font-style: italic; text-decoration: none;">Prudence</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">.</span></div>
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In 1967, Peruvian President architect Fernando Belaunde, promoted experimental housing systems called PREVI, to which Metabolists were invited, along with other famous international architects. The proposal of Kiyonori Kikutake, Kisho Kurokawa and Fumihiko Maki was characterized by a long and narrow layout of the dwelling units, that regulates the rigid division between the services and living functions.<br />
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Another example is the 1967 Master Plan for Skopje, carried out by Kenzo Tange. After a strong earthquake that devastated the Macedonian capital, the UN organised a competition for an urban plan for the new city. A winner Tange envisioned a capital structured around two concepts: the "City Gate", which was the hub of entry into the capital, comprising all transportation systems, and the "City Wall", consisting of apartment buildings, simulating a medieval wall, which would incorporate housing to the downtown areas.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4-b3-62X0IM/To788caiRxI/AAAAAAAANPg/oCbPzoWx9nY/s1600/Kenzo-Tange-Skopje-Masterplan1.jpg" style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #772315; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660739897001133842" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4-b3-62X0IM/To788caiRxI/AAAAAAAANPg/oCbPzoWx9nY/s400/Kenzo-Tange-Skopje-Masterplan1.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 249px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center;"></span><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aKZARInpuN4/To8CJ3iecFI/AAAAAAAANRo/BXbMUkhPJt0/s1600/tangr%2Bskople.jpg" style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #21a736; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center;"></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Plan reconstruction of Skopje,</span> Macedonia.</span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center;"> </span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center;">Kenzo Tange, 1965.</span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center;"> </span><i style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center;">This p</i><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center;">roposal won an international competition and it was structured around two concepts: the "City Gate", which was the hub of entry into the capital, comprising all transportation systems, and the "City Wall", consisting of apartment buildings, simulating a medieval wall, which would incorporate housing to downtown</span></div>
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THE EVENT<br />
On March 11 a huge earthquake hit Tohoku, northeastern Japan, whose intensity (9.0 on the Richter scale) was the highest in the country's history. Japan sits atop the Eurasian tectonic plate and is pushed by the Pacific plate and the Philippine plate. Every 30 years it is expected a 7 to 8 magnitude earthquake will occur in this area (Miyagi Jishin), due to the tension of the Philippine plate. What nobody expected, since it happens every 1000 years, is a 9 magnitude earthquake, resulting from the breakup of the Pacific plate (Miyagi Oki Jishin).<br />
Because the frequency of tsunamis in this area, given the intricate coastline profile that reverberates water waves , the coast is protected by dikes and barriers up to 4 m height. However, the strength of the earthquake made the whole coast to sink up to 1 m. Besides, nobody could expect the super wave of 7 m that surpassed the concrete defenses as if they not exist at all. Moreover, large blocks of those became a moving wall of mud and debris that collided with the wooden houses that were standing on the shore.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612498316403437186" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-R8Y4C7Ds9FU/TeOZe4O0boI/AAAAAAAALQQ/Cuty8sYK9SY/s400/DSC_3115%2Bcopy.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; color: #a73521; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; height: 266px; line-height: 18.2px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><br />
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THE ICON</div>
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On May of the same year I was standing upon the site where once stood Minami Sanriku, a fishing village resort located in Miyagi Prefecture. As much as 95% of the village was destroyed and at least 60% of its population perished (10,000 people). The survivors lost everything.<br />
The tragic panorama reminded me of the pictures of the atomic attack on Hiroshima. A thick haze wrapped a landscape of death and seemed to still carry the heavy load of thousands of moans, cries and tears of so many people, making us breath the scent of the tragedy.<br />
One of the surviving structures was Disaster Prevention Center, although only its steel frame could be seen. After experiencing an earthquake for five long minutes, Miki Endo, a worker Disaster Welfare Service received a tsunami alert and began to broadcast alarm messages to the population. Many people looked for safe places, like the roofs of the few tall buildings in town. 40 minutes later, a big wave came to town, dragging everything in its path, and becoming a deadly wall of debris, cars and boats that reached a speed of 100 km per hour. The public servant heroically continued broadcasting without trying to seek refuge, managed to save many lives, until she was engulfed by water.<br />
The building became a symbol of her heroism and Japanese resilience facing catastrophic events.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7VyIBThAFNg/TeOZeo6I8oI/AAAAAAAALQI/FJ9ySZVqzyE/s1600/DSC_3100%2Bcopy.jpg" style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #772315; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612498312290169474" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7VyIBThAFNg/TeOZeo6I8oI/AAAAAAAALQI/FJ9ySZVqzyE/s400/DSC_3100%2Bcopy.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 195, 195); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
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WHAT IS COMING?<br />
The huge scale of this disaster mobilized the whole country and a plethora of architectural proposals were developed throughout Japan. To the widely discussed ideas of Japanese masters and Pritzker awardees Toyo Ito and Shigeru Ban, many other ideas had been discussed in academic circles.<br />
Perhaps, like in the past, this is a new chance for the development of new urban and architectural ideas and theories.<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dz59GztDmCM/U-ElSL2-r5I/AAAAAAAAP7g/H-u8-g3_WuA/s1600/DSC_0400+copy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dz59GztDmCM/U-ElSL2-r5I/AAAAAAAAP7g/H-u8-g3_WuA/s1600/DSC_0400+copy.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<i style="line-height: 18.2px;">Toyo Ito presenting its ideas on House for All during the UIA World Congress of Architecture, Durban, South Africa. </i></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.2px;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="font-family: "lucida grande"; font-size: 16.9px;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; color: black; line-height: 18.2px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.2px;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="font-family: "lucida grande"; font-size: 16.9px;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; color: black; line-height: 18.2px;"></span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #333399; font-size: 11.05px;"><span style="font-size: 11.05px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;">- Kenzo Tange WORKS</span></span></span></span><br />
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/08/hiroshima-peace-park.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 11.05px;">Peace Park, Hiroshima</span>, 1955</a></li>
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<span style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #333399; font-size: 11.05px;"><span style="font-size: 11.05px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;">- Kisho Kurokawa WORKS</span></span></span></span><br />
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="color: #772315; font-size: 11.05px; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/kurokawa-nakagin-capsule-tower.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Nakagin Capsule Tower, Tokyo, Japan (1970-72)</a></span></li>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>* SPECIAL FEATURES</i></span></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/05/tsunami-in-japan-in-midst-of-disaster.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">A devastating tsunami hits Tohoku, in northern Japan (Mar 11, 2011)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/11/expo-shanghai-2010-intensive-gazes.html" style="color: #21a736;">Expo Shanghai 2010: Intensive Gazes (International Photo Exhibition)</a></li>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--HmsYm-jA-k/VsvWrpq6qVI/AAAAAAAAUmU/F0jVWTxj0zk/s1600/IMG_5139%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--HmsYm-jA-k/VsvWrpq6qVI/AAAAAAAAUmU/F0jVWTxj0zk/s400/IMG_5139%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Thank you very much to Charlotte Broadribb and Michelle Alderton from RIBA for inviting me to participate in this event and for sharing this screen grab. I hope some day I can replace it with a picture of us together.</i></div>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com242tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-26496459681196074682015-05-19T11:48:00.000+09:002015-05-24T12:33:28.184+09:00PROJECT FOR THE REGENERATION OF VLADIVOSTOK'S WATERFRONT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nN2Zw97Yuj8/VVqX--INKcI/AAAAAAAAUic/uAJpEUmBh1o/s1600/fachada.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="272" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nN2Zw97Yuj8/VVqX--INKcI/AAAAAAAAUic/uAJpEUmBh1o/s400/fachada.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2015/05/proyecto-para-la-regeneracion-del.html">ESPAÑOL</a><br />
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The following is an excerpt from an article published in the specialized Russian magazine URBAN, about a project I had the honor to lead, in collaboration with my colleague Sergei Mostovoi and students from the Far Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok, Russia.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-INkETfVIYVE/VVqYAp-iPrI/AAAAAAAAUi4/Xp8HUio39xw/s1600/port.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="388" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-INkETfVIYVE/VVqYAp-iPrI/AAAAAAAAUi4/Xp8HUio39xw/s400/port.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>The Russian government has been paying special attention to Vladivostok in recent years. The APEC summit held in September 2012 gave a fresh impetus to the development of the city as a centre of business and innovative cooperation between Russia and Asia-Pacific countries.</i><br />
<i>Preparations for such a significant international event called for serious efforts to create and improve Vladivostok’s infrastructure with upwards of 50 projects around the city having been completed or restored. Among them, the <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2014/07/far-eastern-federal-university-campus.html">Far Eastern Federal University</a>, a medical centre, three bridges, a theatre of opera and ballet, international airport and etc.</i><br />
<i>Notable changes have occurred in the infrastructure of Russky Island, where the summit was held. The mighty bridge across the Eastern Bosporus Strait incorporated the island into the transport network of Vladivostok and made it part of the city.</i><br />
<i>The rich natural landscape of the island makes it a good place to create a unique tourist and recreational zone, which would have a positive impact on the socio-economic life of Vladivostok.</i><br />
<i>Today the city’s development is gravitating towards the model of sustainable development combining an effective economy, harmonious social space and a comfortable urban environment.</i><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MR3msDrZD8I/VVqX_9nBWHI/AAAAAAAAUiw/OXaxgjGc6kg/s1600/faro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="263" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MR3msDrZD8I/VVqX_9nBWHI/AAAAAAAAUiw/OXaxgjGc6kg/s400/faro.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>For all their effort to improve the urban environment, however, the city government has been unable to resolve long-standing problems which go back to the past. In the 1960-ies the prominent architect E. Vasiliev who studied the urban problems of Vladivostok criticized the city’s greening policy (1).</i><br />
<i>According to Vladivostok’s Master Plan, the key objective is preservation and restoration of the city’s historical centre, which includes Main Square, the embankments of Amur and the Golden Horn Bays (2).</i><br />
<i>The historical centre, an iconic signature of Vladivostok, reflects the evolution of the Russian Far East and plays a key role in the city’s tourist infrastructure.</i><br />
<i>Given this, the policy-makers should take into consideration the problem related to construction of new high-rise tower blocks in the old centre as they clash with the city’s architectural heritage.</i><br />
<i>The creation of public open spaces will improve the architectural image of Vladivostok and its environment.</i><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hr61-UhiEdc/VVqX8oFcwgI/AAAAAAAAUiM/0lIqX9byvIE/s1600/downtown.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="260" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hr61-UhiEdc/VVqX8oFcwgI/AAAAAAAAUiM/0lIqX9byvIE/s400/downtown.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Vladivostok is rich in urban heritage, however the urban space is mostly occupied by parking lots that block the view of the monumental area.</div>
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<i>However, there are some obstacles to be cleared. One of them is the lack of a comprehensive systematic approach to formulating and developing urban spaces in central Vladivostok. Solution to this problem is a top priority of the comprehensive plan for the development of Vladivostok’s waterfront, which is conducted by Prof. Carlos Zeballos (from Peru) and Prof. Sergei Mostovoi from the Urban and Landscape Design Laboratory of Far Eastern Federal University.</i><br />
<i>Despite the potential that waterfront areas offer, Vladivostok, unlike many other port cities, has very few public spaces, where people can enjoy contact with water. Paradoxically, most waterfront areas with a unique natural landscape are occupied by industrial estates, parking lots and disused beaches. Meanwhile, the existing public spaces, relatively small and scattered across the waterfront, have a weak connection with the city limiting the access of residents to the seaside.</i><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6kkpPlf-jbM/VVqX-95bEXI/AAAAAAAAUig/1rAhd1TIFXQ/s1600/fabrica3%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="281" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6kkpPlf-jbM/VVqX-95bEXI/AAAAAAAAUig/1rAhd1TIFXQ/s400/fabrica3%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Large waterfront areas with great potential for development are occupied by industry or neglected uses.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qa0w085-_cI/VVqX8H8_8HI/AAAAAAAAUiE/_2p69fbHznY/s1600/Untitled-4%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="268" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qa0w085-_cI/VVqX8H8_8HI/AAAAAAAAUiE/_2p69fbHznY/s400/Untitled-4%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Proposal of a metro park, social housing and improvement of environmental conditions of industrial facilities. </div>
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<i>According to recent world trends, waterfront areas possess specific social and ecological resources. Architectural and spatial rearrangement of these areas could help the city to achieve a goal of harmonizing the urban environment in the context of sustainable development.</i><br />
<i>The development of open spaces in Vladivostok should be based on the identification of urban interfaces – the areas of contact between ecosystems, through which multiple levels of interrelation as well as flows of materials, energy and information can converge. From the viewpoint of communication, interfaces can be positive when they allow and cause the transmission of information, or negative, when they do not. In addition, interfaces can be social or active when they have a unifying function, assuming the role of a node or institutional link, or they can be physical or passive when functioning at the edge or boundary between the active areas of the urban "tissue" they bind.</i><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J2BATtrGx0k/VVqdgAE5lnI/AAAAAAAAUjk/1_f-0vmb3Ms/s1600/Untitled-11%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="331" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J2BATtrGx0k/VVqdgAE5lnI/AAAAAAAAUjk/1_f-0vmb3Ms/s400/Untitled-11%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Analysis of interfaces. The darker red spots show the more feasible areas for intervention.</div>
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<i>The interface method differs from traditional urban planning because it focuses on key, sensitive points where the city develops. Rather than investing a great amount of resources that standard urban plans generally involve, the efforts are focused on solving the interfaces, which are especially sensitive to the needs of people and their environment. Also, interfaces can serve a catalyst for urban change channeling positive and controlled impacts in their surrounding areas, which in turn affect others.</i><br />
<i>In order to identify the location of interfaces, several indicators or types of information related to the physical and socioeconomic characteristics of the area were used. Each indicator was mapped and values were assigned according to their positive or negative impact on the development of a public waterfront area. Prior to the analysis using Geographic Information Systems (specifically QGIS), these data were systematized, geo-referenced and rearranged in thematic layers according to the subject of research.</i><br />
<i>The layers were combined into a single map of interfaces. The darker areas correspond to the zones of major interfaces located on the waterfront and suitable for intervention.</i><br />
<i>Clearer tones correspond to either areas far from the waterfront or where intervention is neither feasible nor convenient.</i><br />
<i>The analysis of passive or physical interfaces identifies not only the location of the most sensitive areas, but also the characteristics of their environment. Additionally, active or social interfaces suggest the cultural features and the patterns of appropriation of public space. This study allows us to consider three main axes that structure the master plan for the development of the downtown and its waterfront.</i><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1_fCyTAYGPA/VVqfFJFdOFI/AAAAAAAAUj4/0lvCc3Shjtw/s1600/Untitled-12%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="331" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1_fCyTAYGPA/VVqfFJFdOFI/AAAAAAAAUj4/0lvCc3Shjtw/s400/Untitled-12%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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The interfaces were arranged into three main axes: recreative, monumental and civic.</div>
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<i>The first one is an axis connecting spaces located on the northern edge of the Golden Horn Bay, such as the Main Square, Korabelnaya Embankment, and Tsesarevitch Embankment. This axis extends eastwards through Svetlankaya Street, which houses some of the most important examples of the city's architectural heritage. The second axis runs parallel to the coastline along the Amur Bay and contains sports, tourist and recreational facilities. The third axis </i><i>runs perpendicular to the Golden Horn Bay, connecting Pokrovskiy Park with the Main Square along Okeanskiy Prospect.</i><br />
<i>These three axes articulate a multipolar structure that establishes a street circuit encompassing ecological and recreational activities, transportation, tourism and preservation of the urban heritage.</i><br />
<i>However, it is arguable whether the mere presence of these axes would ensure a fluent dialogue between the city and the sea.</i><br />
<i>Jane Jacobs emphasizes the importance of access to urban spaces in order to prevent them from becoming abandoned areas that promote vandalism and crime(3).</i><br />
<i>Based on this analysis a spatial model of Vladivostok City was proposed, including the location of key projects and their interconnectivity through spatial axes or corridors. The plan proposes a continuity of urban renewal activities as well as links between the downtown, the Golden Horn Bay and the Amur Bay.</i><br />
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Master plan of Vladivostok, based on a network of public spaces, linked around three main axis</div>
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<i>The master plan comprises the following projects:</i><br />
<i>Waterfront Metropolitan Park, located on the coast of the Amur Bay in the central part of city, is to become the biggest single multifunctional green space of around 20 hectares, home to both recreational and cultural activities. Currently it is a heavily polluted area with parking lots, industrial warehouses and garbage dumps. It would have a connection with Pokrovskiy Park via the extension of Krasnogo Znameni Prospect through a succession of embankments and boulevards. Realization of this project would contribute to the development of the green infrastructure in downtown Vladivostok.</i><br />
<i>Waterfront public green areas. Creation of a system of green areas would involve tackling three tasks: the improvement of existing parks and embankments along the coastlines of the Amur and Golden Horn Bays, the creation of new public spaces with beaches, fishing piers, bikeways and the articulation of these by means of corridors or pedestrian malls.</i><br />
<i>Integration of Power Plant #1, situated on the coast of the Amur Bay, into a large recreational complex would help to transform its territory into an attractive landmark in the urban landscape.</i><br />
<i>However, it is first necessary to reduce the power plan’s emissions and pollution level.</i><br />
<i>Pedestrian precincts. A network of paths injects the flow of the pedestrian traffic away from the city and along the coast. Construction of a new plaza under an existing railway would connect recreational zones on the coast of the Amur and Golden Horn Bays. Creation of pedestrian paths would provide a system of corridors with waterfront zones promoting a better visualization of the historic heritage buildings.</i><br />
<i>While working on this plan its authors took due account of the latest trends in contemporary urban design. According to European experts, future cities will be energy-efficient and green. New buildings will not burn fossil fuels and generate their own electricity.</i><br />
<i>The use of asphalt and concrete will be minimized. An abundance of urban greenery makes people feel more comfortable (4).</i><br />
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Two proposals for the pedestrianization and recovery of urban space for the people and its connection with the sea through new urban spaces. </div>
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<i>Recently in Europe, non-car mobility has gained popularity and public transport is now accessible throughout the city. The new Vladivostok master plan should reflect such trends.</i><br />
<i>The development of public spaces and formation of a single recreational zone in Vladivostok tailored to the unique characteristics of the Amur and Golden Horn Bays represents a well-balanced dialogue between the city and the sea. The realization of this project will substantially improve the social and environmental situation in the Vladivostok.</i><br />
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Recovery of the waterfront area and its link with the upper urban spaces through vertical accessibility</div>
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<i>1 Vasiliev, E.A., Orlova, M.V., Sukhova, V.I. Problems of greenery in Vladivostok. Vladivostok, 1962. PP. 3-14.</i><br />
<i>2 The Master Plan of Vladivostok Metropolitan Area. Regulations on regional planning. 1028-PЗ1. Vol. 1. 2011. P. 13.</i><br />
<i>3 Jacobs, J. The Death and Life of Great American Cities / translated from English. Moscow. 2011. 460 p.</i><br />
<i>4 Cities of tomorrow – Challenges, visions, ways forward / European Commission – Directorate General for Regional Policy.</i><br />
<i>Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2011. P. 43–46</i>.<br />
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I would like to thank my dear students for their support and enthusiasm during the field work and proposals.</div>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com162tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-36872098670499949582015-02-15T22:36:00.000+09:002015-02-15T23:10:09.499+09:00SHIGERU BAN AT THE GORKY PARK, MOSCOW<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vawFZj4O8m0/VNbMbCJi9NI/AAAAAAAAQbo/nD4jDuxwj2o/s1600/DSC_0927%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vawFZj4O8m0/VNbMbCJi9NI/AAAAAAAAQbo/nD4jDuxwj2o/s1600/DSC_0927%2Bcopy.jpg" height="268" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2015/02/shigeru-ban-en-el-parque-gorky-moscu.html">ESPAÑOL</a><br />
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<span class="notranslate"><i>"I follow the Moskva</i></span> <i><br /></i><span class="notranslate"><i>down to Gorky Park,</i></span> <i><br /></i><span class="notranslate"><i>listening to the wind of change ... "</i></span> <i><br /></i></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><i>Scorpions, from the song "Wind of Change"</i></span></div>
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<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The Gorky Park is one of the most famous if not the most emblematic park in Moscow, especially linked to political events during the Soviet revolution, since it was conceived as an open </span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">space</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">for the society dedicated to leisure and culture for the working classes.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tQgQG3MBal0/VNbMVWv7eaI/AAAAAAAAQaY/tfNtiU4nyhs/s1600/DSC_0758%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tQgQG3MBal0/VNbMVWv7eaI/AAAAAAAAQaY/tfNtiU4nyhs/s1600/DSC_0758%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ggbNBMm3vKs/VNbMgWEvUhI/AAAAAAAAQc8/rOGPURslxYY/s1600/Gorky%2BPark%2B-%2BMoscow.JPG" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ggbNBMm3vKs/VNbMgWEvUhI/AAAAAAAAQc8/rOGPURslxYY/s1600/Gorky%2BPark%2B-%2BMoscow.JPG" height="266" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">It was designed by the renowned </span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">constructivist</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> architect Konstantin Melnikov ( <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2014/09/the-melikov-house-and-russian.html">whose house and studio</a> was discussed earlier in this moleskine) and dedicated to the Soviet writer Maxim Gorky.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The park takes advantage of its position besides the Moskva River and it is organized around a major axis that runs roughly parallel to it.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The slight inclination of the axis in the composition is due to its perpendicularity to the Krimsky Val Avenue -which crosses the river at the Krimsky </span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">bridge</span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">- and establishes a balance between the irregular geometry of the trapezoidal plot occupied by the park.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FYXl2buhjxc/VNbMkBe2lCI/AAAAAAAAQd8/mURTghgwLWQ/s1600/gorky%2Bpark%2B20s%2B30s.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FYXl2buhjxc/VNbMkBe2lCI/AAAAAAAAQd8/mURTghgwLWQ/s1600/gorky%2Bpark%2B20s%2B30s.jpg" height="266" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">This monumental axis is dominated by a large entrance with a colonnade that reminds me of something to the <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2010/04/la-memoria-en-la-ciudad-i.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;">Brandenburg Gate in Berlin</a> , only the muscovite version presents solid bodies at each side of the gate, which accommodate Soviet iconography.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The Gorky gate is a classic example of Stalinist monumental architecture.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2Sv-5uPgYVo/VNbMgu4uBbI/AAAAAAAAQdA/lZFDGIuKwlw/s1600/Gorky-Park.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2Sv-5uPgYVo/VNbMgu4uBbI/AAAAAAAAQdA/lZFDGIuKwlw/s1600/Gorky-Park.jpg" height="262" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RxUjK-qCqqI/VNbMmuJZMvI/AAAAAAAAQeQ/dP3xIRxFeAU/s1600/photo8753.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RxUjK-qCqqI/VNbMmuJZMvI/AAAAAAAAQeQ/dP3xIRxFeAU/s1600/photo8753.jpg" height="282" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">Around the axis there is a series of pools and iconic statues as well as games and recreation for children and adults, which made the Gorky a very popular area, especially in summer.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7MZEztcZjnE/VNbMTlB2GaI/AAAAAAAAQZ8/-n91HMccQAw/s1600/0_812d2_ee6a428a_L.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7MZEztcZjnE/VNbMTlB2GaI/AAAAAAAAQZ8/-n91HMccQAw/s1600/0_812d2_ee6a428a_L.jpg" height="262" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-79s8GjrqQOw/VNbMUwW77NI/AAAAAAAAQaQ/CFoQNat1qIw/s1600/D6Tyj4NSJ2IsAq9arkeNVg-article.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-79s8GjrqQOw/VNbMUwW77NI/AAAAAAAAQaQ/CFoQNat1qIw/s1600/D6Tyj4NSJ2IsAq9arkeNVg-article.jpg" height="292" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="background-color: #fefdfa; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cUMOtvF09E8/VNbMUQqSmxI/AAAAAAAAQaE/47R2ikuKsQE/s1600/0_b8683_88d22ab3_orig.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cUMOtvF09E8/VNbMUQqSmxI/AAAAAAAAQaE/47R2ikuKsQE/s1600/0_b8683_88d22ab3_orig.jpg" height="266" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">Aditionally, Gorky Park has hosted numerous exhibitions to disseminate culture among the population.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"></span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The exhibition pavilions were a typology favorited by Soviet architects, as they could experiment new proposals representing ideals of what Soviet society should have been.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pu8RlKXWODI/VNsyP3OKEFI/AAAAAAAAQfE/KpX5iP5SlW0/s1600/375px-1931._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_3.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pu8RlKXWODI/VNsyP3OKEFI/AAAAAAAAQfE/KpX5iP5SlW0/s1600/375px-1931._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_3.jpg" height="360" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">After the collapse of the Soviet Union the park began to deteriorate, filled with </span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">cheap</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">attractions and junk food stalls.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">However, in 2011 the park underwent a complete renovation, including large areas of landscaping, a huge skating rink, bike lanes, and free WiFi access.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d0In9WK6zJc/VNbMX316khI/AAAAAAAAQa8/QmjMhPF3-_o/s1600/DSC_0910%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d0In9WK6zJc/VNbMX316khI/AAAAAAAAQa8/QmjMhPF3-_o/s1600/DSC_0910%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">In 2008 the <a href="http://garageccc.com/en" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;">Center for Contemporary Culture Garage</a> was formed and since then it has become a great promoter of art and culture in the park, holding exhibitions and education programs and inviting great exponents of contemporary art.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="400" src="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?act=url&depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.youtube.com/embed/hJPVs5r91ho&usg=ALkJrhjB0E90Wj-oRp1rRLc6q68pkVWj9g" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" width="640"></iframe><br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">Among other activities, Garage invited architect Rem Koolhaas for a renovation project of the once famous restaurant Vremena Goda (Year Seasons).</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">OMA's </span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">project</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> included a 5400 m2 building, including two levels for exhibition galleries, a creative center for children, a shop, a café, an auditorium and offices.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The conclusion of this building was scheduled for 2014, but has been postponed given the economic situation in Russia.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GksSFbghocQ/VNsyP8phDYI/AAAAAAAAQfA/6kTBAjBPCCU/s1600/00_oma_garage-gorky-park_overview_72_big.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GksSFbghocQ/VNsyP8phDYI/AAAAAAAAQfA/6kTBAjBPCCU/s1600/00_oma_garage-gorky-park_overview_72_big.jpg" height="173" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--ejpUIjpPXg/VNsyP6oqgLI/AAAAAAAAQfM/rn61Y4DaXx4/s1600/143469506-e1395861830576.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--ejpUIjpPXg/VNsyP6oqgLI/AAAAAAAAQfM/rn61Y4DaXx4/s1600/143469506-e1395861830576.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nQwElr6SIoo/VNsyQ7c8eQI/AAAAAAAAQfY/__oqH4-g-W4/s1600/garage_gorky_park_b270412_3.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nQwElr6SIoo/VNsyQ7c8eQI/AAAAAAAAQfY/__oqH4-g-W4/s1600/garage_gorky_park_b270412_3.jpg" height="267" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span class="notranslate">Model of OMA's proposal for remodeling the Vremena Goda </span><span style="line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">restaurant</span><span style="line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="notranslate">Furthermore, Garage, which owes its name to have originally been housed in the former bus garage- organizes frequent events and exhibitions that promote the exchange and development of contemporary artistic and cultural activities.</span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-55MJxGzM8LM/VNbMWCnsfGI/AAAAAAAAQak/1vVd2Vi3gZQ/s1600/DSC_0896%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-55MJxGzM8LM/VNbMWCnsfGI/AAAAAAAAQak/1vVd2Vi3gZQ/s1600/DSC_0896%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1HtQIMaW4eA/VNbMWmk2Z7I/AAAAAAAAQao/R--XMBwTQcc/s1600/DSC_0897%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1HtQIMaW4eA/VNbMWmk2Z7I/AAAAAAAAQao/R--XMBwTQcc/s1600/DSC_0897%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0DGYAiu6RJI/VNbMXN_61qI/AAAAAAAAQa0/VYrbVap3SBk/s1600/DSC_0903%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0DGYAiu6RJI/VNbMXN_61qI/AAAAAAAAQa0/VYrbVap3SBk/s1600/DSC_0903%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px; text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate">Place for summer 2013. Structures on paper.</span></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">In October 2012, Garage organized the exhibition "Temporary Exhibitions in Gorky Park: From Melnikov to Ban".</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The center of this exhibition was a temporary pavilion designed by Japanese architect Shigeru Ban, who was later awarded the Pritzker Prize in 2014 (the most recent, at the time I write this post).</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J95qZmcEKlo/VNbMhh0s0_I/AAAAAAAAQdQ/lHECRjG5b1E/s1600/Untitled_Panorama1%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J95qZmcEKlo/VNbMhh0s0_I/AAAAAAAAQdQ/lHECRjG5b1E/s1600/Untitled_Panorama1%2Bcopy.jpg" height="202" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rkoH-B0MU1s/VNbMYkL73UI/AAAAAAAAQbE/2fEACmz9xoI/s1600/DSC_0912%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rkoH-B0MU1s/VNbMYkL73UI/AAAAAAAAQbE/2fEACmz9xoI/s1600/DSC_0912%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Pwmi08h2YxI/VNbMikdIgEI/AAAAAAAAQdk/oEMDtzzokJ0/s1600/banpavilion03.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Pwmi08h2YxI/VNbMikdIgEI/AAAAAAAAQdk/oEMDtzzokJ0/s1600/banpavilion03.jpg" height="300" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">Ban has been internationally renowned for its ephemeral structures and his contribution has been invaluable especially after tragedies that required the implementation of cheap and quickly erected buildings, like the Cathedral built after the earthquake in Christchurch in New Zealand or shelters built after the <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?act=url&depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2011/05/tsunami-en-japon-en-medio-de-la-zona-de.html&usg=ALkJrhiFYVKQ3qYFG537DpmKDRBdfkm_ZQ" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;">terrible tsunami in Japan in 2011</a> , financed by his own resources.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gpHNZ0fAa6M/VNbMkWkCwYI/AAAAAAAAQeA/H3tjFAqJz0c/s1600/gorky02.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gpHNZ0fAa6M/VNbMkWkCwYI/AAAAAAAAQeA/H3tjFAqJz0c/s1600/gorky02.jpg" height="266" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span class="notranslate">Detail of the model for the pavilion in Gorky Park.</span> </div>
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<div style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px; text-align: center;">
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<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">Shigeru Ban's architecture is characterized by the use of recyclable materials such as cardboard or paper.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">In this regard, the proposal for the pavilion in Gorky Park comprises a sequence of cardboard tubes describing a </span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">2400 m2</span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> ellipse and enclosing a transparent structure of metal and glass comprising a </span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">800 m2 </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">rectangular exhibition area.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P5SII7bP1n8/VNsyQ5frUII/AAAAAAAAQfU/-yGAUlfvsB0/s1600/GorkyPark03.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P5SII7bP1n8/VNsyQ5frUII/AAAAAAAAQfU/-yGAUlfvsB0/s1600/GorkyPark03.jpg" height="283" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-azGmTEndiZk/VNsyRw1JXkI/AAAAAAAAQfo/CWPTKdzN2eo/s1600/gorkypark012_0.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-azGmTEndiZk/VNsyRw1JXkI/AAAAAAAAQfo/CWPTKdzN2eo/s1600/gorkypark012_0.jpg" height="300" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The cardboard tubes, in addition to their aesthetic character, have a structural function since they support the entire load of the roof.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">Shigeru Ban's called them the "invisible structure".</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xBbUy4od9vw/VNbMZBfaDbI/AAAAAAAAQbM/KS8k6Npq9Kc/s1600/DSC_0916%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xBbUy4od9vw/VNbMZBfaDbI/AAAAAAAAQbM/KS8k6Npq9Kc/s1600/DSC_0916%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-r6YmfoFNOlo/VNbMaI3cXJI/AAAAAAAAQbc/Au1u-J9ALM8/s1600/DSC_0919%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-r6YmfoFNOlo/VNbMaI3cXJI/AAAAAAAAQbc/Au1u-J9ALM8/s1600/DSC_0919%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9Nz5129olGo/VNbMZmijMuI/AAAAAAAAQbQ/AnnceTNNzkI/s1600/DSC_0917%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9Nz5129olGo/VNbMZmijMuI/AAAAAAAAQbQ/AnnceTNNzkI/s1600/DSC_0917%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QNFC48D6rZ4/VNbMbgvDBMI/AAAAAAAAQbw/Idd016o0gOk/s1600/DSC_0931%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QNFC48D6rZ4/VNbMbgvDBMI/AAAAAAAAQbw/Idd016o0gOk/s1600/DSC_0931%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">At the intersection of both geometries there is a café and towards the other end there are other services.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The café is wrapped by a warm atmosphere due to the use of simple materials such as wood and cardboard, contrasting with the white rectangular prism.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<div style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2ab-vvUy_GM/VNbMcVRhhMI/AAAAAAAAQb8/Pvzfbz-VIOM/s1600/DSC_0941%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2ab-vvUy_GM/VNbMcVRhhMI/AAAAAAAAQb8/Pvzfbz-VIOM/s1600/DSC_0941%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">This simplicity in both materiasl and composition allowed the pavilion to be built in record time and at a very low cost.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The pavilion should have been demolished in December 2012, but fortunately Garage has decided to keep it, and it was on display at the time of my visit in September 2014.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="400" src="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?act=url&depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.youtube.com/embed/6W6DEXcZ1E0&usg=ALkJrhia_Rfz4anSCnp9d8iHqC9pK_bomw" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" width="640"></iframe><br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">The proposal is simple, but it offers an interesting play of light, which is filtered through the separations between the tubes.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">These support the roof which crowns the composition of the facade, which at times seems to be levitating given the lightness of the material.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uUGLIaJOajw/VNbMfNXramI/AAAAAAAAQco/bfsutozygY8/s1600/DSC_0973%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uUGLIaJOajw/VNbMfNXramI/AAAAAAAAQco/bfsutozygY8/s1600/DSC_0973%2Bcopy.jpg" height="267" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">Inside, the Japanese architect has also made use of cardboard tubes for the composition of furniture such as the reception and some of the tables.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-M3SRmq9x-7E/VNbMeyQsRwI/AAAAAAAAQck/Zx8oYzhkugE/s1600/DSC_0971%2Bcopy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-M3SRmq9x-7E/VNbMeyQsRwI/AAAAAAAAQck/Zx8oYzhkugE/s1600/DSC_0971%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">At the time of the visit, the pavilion inside did not include the original exhibition of the work of Melnikov and others, but works under the title The New International, an exhibition that shows a way to describe how individuals share, understand or experience specific context situations without universalizing their results.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;">
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<span class="notranslate"><i>"warmth I was interested in working in russia first and foremost because of Russia’s culture, architecture, music and art and due to its geographic connections with Japan… although Russia and Japan are neighbors, we have very different cultures.
Garage is well-known in the international art community for its progressive projects. the construction of the temporary pavilion is both efficient to construct and affordable by using local materials produced in St. Petersburg "</i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span class="notranslate"><i>Shigeru Ban</i></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-V8xALoXC8BI/VNsyRWliZrI/AAAAAAAAQfk/2kp5WjrFpEk/s1600/gorky01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-V8xALoXC8BI/VNsyRWliZrI/AAAAAAAAQfk/2kp5WjrFpEk/s1600/gorky01.jpg" height="400" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="313" /></a></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"><b>SEE ALSO</b></span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
<br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;" />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"><b>- Urban Parks</b></span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 12.1333341598511px;"> </span><br />
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<div style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">- Squares, Plazas and Boulevards</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">
<ul style="line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/05/phylosophys-path-kyoto.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Philosophy Path, Kyoto, Japan.</a></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">-Thematic Parks</span><br />
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/01/tadao-ando-garden-of-fine-arts.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Garden of Fine Arts, Kyoto, Japan. Tadao Ando (1990)</a></li>
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<div style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">- Museums and Galleries</span></div>
<br style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;" />
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2012/05/sanaa-21st-century-museum-kanazawa.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">21st Century Museum, Kanazawa, Japan. SANAA (1999-2004)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/hoki-museum-chiba-japan.html" style="color: #772315; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-decoration: none;">Hoki Museum, Chiba, Japan. Tomohiko Yamanashi (2008-10)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2012/04/peter-zumthor-kolumba-museum-cologne.html" style="color: #772315; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-decoration: none;">Kolumba Museum, Cologne, Germany. Peter Zumthor (2003-07)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/08/im-pei-miho-museum-japan.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/08/im-pei-miho-museum-japan.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Miho Museum, Shiga, Japan. I. M. Pei (1997)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/11/tadao-ando-museum-of-wood.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Museum of Wood, Hyogo, Japan. Tadao Ando (1994)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/kengo-kuma-suntory-art-museum.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Suntory Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan. Kengo Kuma (2004-07)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/11/tadao-ando-suntory-museum.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Suntory Museum, Osaka, Japan. Tadao Ando (1994) </a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/mario-botta-watari-um-gallery-tokyo.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Watari-Um Gallery, Tokyo, Japan. Mario Botta (1985-90)</a></li>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com191tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-84703925552169396222015-01-16T16:47:00.001+09:002015-01-16T16:49:32.535+09:00CENTRE FOR INTERACTIVE RESEARCH ON SUSTAINABILITY AND REGENERATIVE DESIGN<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kFg7kWOjAYQ/UfsC7nbej4I/AAAAAAAAToQ/87d2OoHZhpA/s1600/DSC_0315+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kFg7kWOjAYQ/UfsC7nbej4I/AAAAAAAAToQ/87d2OoHZhpA/s400/DSC_0315+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2013/08/el-cirs-y-el-diseno-regenerativo.html">ESPAÑOL</a><br />
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Most of the so-called </span>sustainable or "green" <span class="notranslate">buildings try to reduce their
impact on the environment, both in its construction and maintenance.</span> <span class="notranslate"> In simple words, it is about a building being "less bad", assuming that its existence would inevitably imply a negative environmental balance.</span><br />
<span class="notranslate"> The concept of <b>"Regenerative Design"</b> takes a proactive approach and go beyond the traditional practice of sustainable design.</span> <span class="notranslate">
The regenerative buildings not only reduce their energy consumption to
zero but they collect, generate and distribute renewable resources
to their surroundings, improving the environmental balance of the environment.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ibWUO7OWxN0/UfsD5_v3i3I/AAAAAAAATps/-59ze4hsLMU/s1600/Untitled_Panorama1+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ibWUO7OWxN0/UfsD5_v3i3I/AAAAAAAATps/-59ze4hsLMU/s400/Untitled_Panorama1+copy.jpg" height="330" width="400" /></a> </div>
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate"> A remarkable example of this approach is <b>the Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability</b> or CIRS, erected at the University of British Columbia UBC in Vancouver, Canada, a
project by Perkins + Will.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jrk22r2cpsk/Ufv_sBreLhI/AAAAAAAAPjU/Di9EnsfZdJI/s1600/Untitled-2+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jrk22r2cpsk/Ufv_sBreLhI/AAAAAAAAPjU/Di9EnsfZdJI/s1600/Untitled-2+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/ms?msid=212979602115923110569.00046250ac1738f6760ea&msa=0&ll=49.261832,-123.252879&spn=0.004159,0.012274">See location on Google Maps</a></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">The </span>building <span class="notranslate">statistics are impressive.</span> <span class="notranslate"> For example, neither </span>structural steel nor concrete were used <span class="notranslate">during its construction, greatly reducing its environmental footprint.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The total amount of water consumed by the building is collected from rainfall and all wastewater is recycled on site.</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mbVlTIl8EIY/Ufv_rR0hHqI/AAAAAAAAPjM/j3R6mzptgsM/s1600/Untitled-1+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mbVlTIl8EIY/Ufv_rR0hHqI/AAAAAAAAPjM/j3R6mzptgsM/s1600/Untitled-1+copy.jpg" height="321" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N_EBQn-lUik/UfsDppfxT5I/AAAAAAAATpU/1l9I3COhjAs/s1600/DSC_0982+copy.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N_EBQn-lUik/UfsDppfxT5I/AAAAAAAATpU/1l9I3COhjAs/s400/DSC_0982+copy.JPG" height="268" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
The main strategy to achieve a design with positive CO2 balance was the
widespread use of wood, in particular a type of pine that, after being
attacked by a beetle, suffers scars that make it unattractive to fine
finishes or construction.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Due to the climate change these beetles, which used to die in the cold
weather, have managed to adapt and have experienced a population explosion, causing the death of vast quantities of pines, which </span>wood <span class="notranslate"> is usually rejected by the
industry.</span> <span class="notranslate">
This wood has been used both in the structure, finishes and
furnishings of the CIRS, and provides an atmosphere of warmth throughout the building.</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4T2E9kjzIvs/UfundF4NdKI/AAAAAAAATqg/ql5lJd9KZ3g/s1600/DSC_0330+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4T2E9kjzIvs/UfundF4NdKI/AAAAAAAATqg/ql5lJd9KZ3g/s400/DSC_0330+copy.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">Wood is the most sustainable construction material, because it is a quickly renewable resource. From
a structural point of view, the modern engineered materials such as glue-laminated timber have increased the hardness of wood so that they have a
much greater structural capacity. </span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-83Xo4h0qUb8/UfsEmaLvUXI/AAAAAAAATqE/Gklm83Ghr18/s1600/DSC_0984+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-83Xo4h0qUb8/UfsEmaLvUXI/AAAAAAAATqE/Gklm83Ghr18/s400/DSC_0984+copy.jpg" height="400" width="306" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: xx-small;">Photo courtesy of CIRS</span></span> </div>
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However, the abundant use of wood creates a fire hazard. In order to minimize it special insulators were created as well as a
sprinkler system, which is supplied from an underground cistern, which
in turn collects rainwater.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9SKoHSZwkFI/UfsEpn3qiYI/AAAAAAAATqM/vduoEtuC8kI/s1600/DSC_0983+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9SKoHSZwkFI/UfsEpn3qiYI/AAAAAAAATqM/vduoEtuC8kI/s400/DSC_0983+copy.jpg" height="400" width="333" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: xx-small;">Photo courtesy of CIRS</span></span> </div>
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The façade accomodates a set of panels that support seasonal vegetation called the "living wall", which provides shade in the summer and allows the passage of solar heat
in the winter.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QZwdLVl5Imo/UfsDAD7kNfI/AAAAAAAAToU/iC-2lm1i1G0/s1600/DSC_0309+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QZwdLVl5Imo/UfsDAD7kNfI/AAAAAAAAToU/iC-2lm1i1G0/s400/DSC_0309+copy.jpg" height="320" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JokMhKVEzfk/UfsDw4zDRCI/AAAAAAAATpk/kDKQcqCatEY/s1600/DSC_0313+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JokMhKVEzfk/UfsDw4zDRCI/AAAAAAAATpk/kDKQcqCatEY/s400/DSC_0313+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate"> The garden is drip-irrigated using storm water and ultimately it ends in a groundwater aquifer.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_TNvnaItBDg/UfsDrJQnS8I/AAAAAAAATpc/wikmUVDw9SM/s1600/DSC_0375+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_TNvnaItBDg/UfsDrJQnS8I/AAAAAAAATpc/wikmUVDw9SM/s400/DSC_0375+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> The building is crossed diagonally by a path which includes the way of a pre-existing old road.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9HjMDHgPDbQ/UfsDcN3Z9fI/AAAAAAAATpE/XKnD4oBuKSc/s1600/DSC_0377+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9HjMDHgPDbQ/UfsDcN3Z9fI/AAAAAAAATpE/XKnD4oBuKSc/s400/DSC_0377+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
This allows to separate the glass corner like a glass triangle, which gives lightness to the composition of the building and houses an
interesting solar water biofilter.</span> <span class="notranslate">
This consists of a series of tanks with plants which naturally absorb and
process the waterwaste generated in the bathrooms of the building.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The processed water is used to irrigate both the living wall as well as the inner garden.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RkTRWUF824k/UfundqCmdLI/AAAAAAAATqs/AegpevhtFjI/s1600/DSC_0334+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RkTRWUF824k/UfundqCmdLI/AAAAAAAATqs/AegpevhtFjI/s400/DSC_0334+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
Another notable element on the facade are the photovoltaic panels on
the east and south facades which cover part of the building's energy
demand.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The rest is collected from the excess energy of a nearby building and converted into energy in a small geothermal plant.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-25ORsHzgyv0/Ufunc9cBg7I/AAAAAAAATqc/TjAmodtts6k/s1600/DSC_0317+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-25ORsHzgyv0/Ufunc9cBg7I/AAAAAAAATqc/TjAmodtts6k/s400/DSC_0317+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
Inside, the building is organized around a large atrium, which provides generous natural lighting, while allowing natural ventilation
without the need for air conditioning systems, using the chimney effect
to help circulate the air by convection.</span> <span class="notranslate"> In turn, it exploits the building orientation to optimize its exposure to light.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h1TQYygpVnk/UfsDFDSJ5lI/AAAAAAAAToc/uO2IPqaiJ38/s1600/DSC_0319+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h1TQYygpVnk/UfsDFDSJ5lI/AAAAAAAAToc/uO2IPqaiJ38/s400/DSC_0319+copy.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xLiYlCEBxL4/UfsEI2iMSPI/AAAAAAAATp8/S62Wr83Q6o0/s1600/Untitled_Panorama3+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xLiYlCEBxL4/UfsEI2iMSPI/AAAAAAAATp8/S62Wr83Q6o0/s400/Untitled_Panorama3+copy.jpg" height="160" width="400" /></a> </div>
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On the ground floor there is an auditorium with capacity for 423
people, naturally lit by a lateral skylight located next to the indoor garden
(in fact the garden is located over the roof of the auditorium).</span> <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5vC9uNr5JbU/UfsDin0QtQI/AAAAAAAATpM/Up3HWV-TBSM/s1600/DSC_0980+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5vC9uNr5JbU/UfsDin0QtQI/AAAAAAAATpM/Up3HWV-TBSM/s400/DSC_0980+copy.jpg" height="236" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bqa_mqxkrb8/UfsDGKRHwaI/AAAAAAAATok/jtncT9yboZ4/s1600/DSC_0333+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bqa_mqxkrb8/UfsDGKRHwaI/AAAAAAAATok/jtncT9yboZ4/s400/DSC_0333+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> The auditorium also used wood both in the structural </span>beams and the finishes, as well as in some of the furniture.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VCA2bkYuJGQ/UfsD-QuQhNI/AAAAAAAATp0/a-m8x4OnwvE/s1600/Untitled_Panorama2+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VCA2bkYuJGQ/UfsD-QuQhNI/AAAAAAAATp0/a-m8x4OnwvE/s400/Untitled_Panorama2+copy.jpg" height="132" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--SOqVV1C8gI/UfunfKkCcRI/AAAAAAAATq4/DTC5pkK-8NE/s1600/DSC_0339+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--SOqVV1C8gI/UfunfKkCcRI/AAAAAAAATq4/DTC5pkK-8NE/s400/DSC_0339+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WEA8trEOTfs/UfsDMuklkfI/AAAAAAAATos/n60nYRLr34g/s1600/DSC_0353+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WEA8trEOTfs/UfsDMuklkfI/AAAAAAAATos/n60nYRLr34g/s400/DSC_0353+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dFI98jlyIJY/UfsDM8SfzGI/AAAAAAAATo0/8gC6C_pZfMM/s1600/DSC_0352+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dFI98jlyIJY/UfsDM8SfzGI/AAAAAAAATo0/8gC6C_pZfMM/s400/DSC_0352+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> If you look closely you can see the scars left by the </span>beetles while they were burrowing the pine wood.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ntvOiqtCD1c/Ufune3PNeqI/AAAAAAAATq0/v_3W5Anb8Sg/s1600/DSC_0343+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ntvOiqtCD1c/Ufune3PNeqI/AAAAAAAATq0/v_3W5Anb8Sg/s400/DSC_0343+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Due these features, the CIRS is recognized as one of the most innovative buildings in North America.</span> <span class="notranslate">
In addition to its quality as an experimental regenerative building, is a
facility that promotes the study and dissemination of new ideas for
sustainable design.</span> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="font-family: lucida grande; font-size: 130%;">SEE <span style="font-style: italic;">ALSO:</span></span></span></span></span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">- SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE</span></span></span></span> <span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span></span> <br />
<ul>
<li> <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/09/vandusen-visitor-centre.html"><span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Visitor Center VanDusen Garden, Vancouver, Canada.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Perkins + Will)</span></span></a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pp4Xo2MTs1M/UfsDUqZ4tcI/AAAAAAAATo8/YWU3IB0WUJ8/s1600/DSC_0368+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pp4Xo2MTs1M/UfsDUqZ4tcI/AAAAAAAATo8/YWU3IB0WUJ8/s400/DSC_0368+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: xx-small;">With Professor Ronald Kellett, who kindly showed me around the building, explaining a lot of the information that I have included in this post</span></span></div>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com34tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-68564539840387910542015-01-07T21:47:00.000+09:002015-01-07T21:55:02.939+09:00LE CORBUSIER AND CHANDIGARH: AN ARCHITECTURAL EXPERIENCE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VEgk1A6sa2A/VJY7Oa2uZ0I/AAAAAAAAQTQ/R2xmDf7kXDk/s1600/DSCN6866%2Bcopy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VEgk1A6sa2A/VJY7Oa2uZ0I/AAAAAAAAQTQ/R2xmDf7kXDk/s1600/DSCN6866%2Bcopy.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Detail of the Palace of the Assembly, Chandigarh.</i></div>
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<i>All the photos belong to Carlos Zeballos Velarde, except as </i><i>otherwise </i><i>indicated </i></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2014/12/tres-experiencias-seis-manos.html">ESPAÑOL</a></b></span></span></span><br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Intro by Gonzalo Ríos</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">We
live among objects, we move through constructed spaces, the world is
manifested through them and we erect our reality by means of a sort of recomposition
of fragments of the perceived and interpreted information.</span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The
architecture is thus not only a shelter for our body, it is often a filter through which the order that governs the universe is manifested.</span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This order is perceived, subsequently related and finally transformed into individual and collective meanings.</span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It was always like this and it was fine.</span></span></span> <o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Accustomed
today to remain in virtual spaces, satisfied with simple
images, hurrying to distinguish our preferences with a "like it", we increasingly do not recognize the revelatory function of architecture, or at
least we select the most superficial and useful </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">information</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">to the extent
that it will allow us to stay in comfortable spaces, promoting the genesis of an architecture for the media that hides behind its epidermal formal
fanfare, the monotony of standardized production and the lack of
attention to what the context demands.</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Three
architects who share these concerns met in a cafe in Arequipa and
agreed to share a </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">vivid</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> architectural</span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> experience which transcended the ordinary and, in some way or another, influenced their way of perceiving the world or finding themselves.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">They
hope that through these experiences they will encourage more people to tell
their own ones and thus made a small contribution to put architecture in
the proper place.</span></span></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">I will share with you my own experience. The other ones are <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2014/12/tres-experiencias-seis-manos.html">available in the blog in Spanish</a>.</span></span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><span lang="ES-MX"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Symbolic Hyperbole:</span></b></span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.7000007629395px;">Legislative Assembly of <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Chandigarh,</span></span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">India, May 2007,</span></b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Carlos Zeballos</b></span></span></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>M</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;">onumental.</span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The scale of the <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/12/chandigarh-and-le-corbusier-ii.html">Capitol in Chandigarh</a> overwelmed me.</span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The place conveyed a sense of grand, almost megalomaniac </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">power</span><span class="notranslate"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">.</span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It was made to impress, but it seemed to have forgotten to accommodate people.</span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In that hot morning in the Indian spring it would have been very comfortable to sit under a tree, but this sort of banality would had interfered with the colossal perspective of the space, something that the Swiss architect who conceived it was not willing to compromise.</span></span></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Still, I was grateful to be standing for the first time before a building by the great master <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?act=url&depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=es&tl=en&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/search/label/Le%2520Corbusier&usg=ALkJrhjJdXl0tapgkuTPkglxLQEFFsim-g">Le Corbusier</a> and to enjoy the landscape of the Himalayas mountains, emerging as a backdrop to the east.</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">I had previously only seen reproductions in black and white of this complex, so it was a very special experience to be standing there, admiring the grandeur of the Capitol, the strength of their volumes, the roughness and plasticity of the concrete and to be able to breathe the passion for design that the Swiss master embedded in this work, from the urban design to the details of the murals and carpets.</span></span></span><br />
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<span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">I arrived there escorted by</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">a friend's relative and after he showed me the complex from afar, he prepared to return to the city center.</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">When I insisted to approach in order to have a better look of the buildings, he nervously told me that it was complicated, that I would need to ask for a special permission the next day.</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">I could understand his nervousness because <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/11/chandigarh-and-le-corbusier-i.html">Chandigarh is located near the border with Pakistan</a> , in a very tense area where security measures are taken seriously.</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><br />
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<span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">But I was not going to give up just like that.</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">I went to get that permission and the initial reluctance of the officers gradually became an effective collaboration.</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">They were flattered by the presence of such an exotic visitor, and soon I left that office carrying the permission as well as many souvenirs and information about the city.</span></span></span><br />
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<span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Early next day I was back at the Capitol, with its three symbolic buildings: <span id="goog_185725606"></span><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/12/chandigarh-and-le-corbusier-ii.html">the Secretariat, the Palace of the Assembly<span id="goog_185725607"></span> and the High Court</a>.</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Of all the elements of the complex it was the<i> Palais de l'Assemblée</i> the building that moved me the most, due to its mathematical grid of <i>brise-soleil</i>, so necessary in that hot climate, and its photogenic south facade reflected in a water mirror.</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><br />
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<span class="notranslate"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The grid made that heavy rectangular concrete box look lighter, and its rational lines contrasted with the sculptural volume of a truncated hyperbolic shell, a monumental form whose inspiration came from industrial chimneys.</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">I made that tour escorted by a soldier armed with an automatic gun, because security was particularly strict.</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">We entered the building, adorned with murals designed by Le Corbusier himself, who had not neglected any details at the time of conceiving his masterpiece.</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">Inside, the indirect light passed through the <i>brise-soleil</i> and gave a depth effect to the hypostyle hall, reminiscent of the classical temples that the Swiss master had admired so much during his journey of discovery to Greece.</span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xw7KXIoEL2E/VJY7NLt92QI/AAAAAAAAQS4/0MECmG0w8oQ/s1600/900x720_2049_577.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xw7KXIoEL2E/VJY7NLt92QI/AAAAAAAAQS4/0MECmG0w8oQ/s1600/900x720_2049_577.jpg" height="400" width="300" /></a></div>
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<i> Ph</i><i>oto courtesy of Fondation Le Corbusier</i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">In the midst of that forest of columns </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">the curved volume of the assembly </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">emerged as an impetuous volcano.</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eVgQKUzj4hQ/VJY7N-xDzFI/AAAAAAAAQTE/pieRRzBsbaM/s1600/900x720_2049_578.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eVgQKUzj4hQ/VJY7N-xDzFI/AAAAAAAAQTE/pieRRzBsbaM/s1600/900x720_2049_578.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ph</i><i>oto courtesy of </i><i> Fondation Le Corbusier</i></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Then, we approached to the main chamber, which luckily could be accessed at that moment due to the recess of the legislators.</span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Neither the books on Le Corbusier or the treaties on modern architecture that I had previously read could have prepared me for that impression.</span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">The </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">monumental</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">space, molded in that 15 cm thick concrete shell, raised above the </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">upholstered </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">seats of the legislators.</span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">The truncated section of the hyperbole accentuated its directionality and its geometry favored the acoustics.</span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">The height of the space was also conceived due to climate concerns, allowing the circulation of airflow through conduction.</span></span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-80T7wY9U72c/VJY7WV5aA-I/AAAAAAAAQUc/u32QQa4yN8I/s1600/main1b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-80T7wY9U72c/VJY7WV5aA-I/AAAAAAAAQUc/u32QQa4yN8I/s1600/main1b.jpg" height="268" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Photo courtesy of The Tribune </i></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">But that place did not seem to me a civic space, but a sacred one.</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The light filtering indirectly produced a spiritual effect, that I would encounter again few years later in <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2012/06/le-corbusier-chapel-of-notre-dame-du_30.html">the chapel made by Le Corbusier in Ronchamp</a>.</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">However, unlike the white walls of the church, the epidermis of this concrete room was covered with colorful </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">aluminum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">sheets, which seemed to crept the walls as a sort of infection, producing colored spots.</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aA4D5xOLGM0/VJY7W4clBvI/AAAAAAAAQUo/2R915pj3_qk/s1600/main1e.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aA4D5xOLGM0/VJY7W4clBvI/AAAAAAAAQUo/2R915pj3_qk/s1600/main1e.jpg" height="268" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Photos courtesy of The Tribune</i></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">It was a sublime moment that seemed not to be shared by the soldier who was accompanying me, who insisted that photographs were strictly prohibited.</span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">I tried to imbue every detail of that moment </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">in my memory,</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">knowing that this experience will probably not be repeated.</span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">I tried to breathe the most of this beautiful, grand, dramatic </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">space</span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">.</span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">But suddenly, with an unfriendly gesture, the soldier let me know that the visit was over.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><br /></span></span></span> <br />
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<li><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2014/12/tres-experiencias-seis-manos.html"><b>Hundertwasser House, by Cristina Dreifuss (in Spanish)</b></a></li>
<li><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2014/12/tres-experiencias-seis-manos.html"><b>Saint Chapelle, Paris, by Gonzalo Rios (in Spanish)</b></a></li>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Other Works by Le Corbusier</span><br />
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><b><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2012/06/le-corbusier-chapel-of-notre-dame-du_30.html">Chapelle Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp</a></b></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><b><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2012/12/chandigarh-and-le-corbusier-ii.html">Capitol complex in Chandigarh</a></b></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/07/le-corbusier-curutchet-house.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Curutchet House, La Plata, Argentina. (1949-53)</a></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/le-corbusier-museum-of-western-art.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Japan. (1959)</a></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/le-corbusier-unite-dhabitation-in.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Unité d'Habitation, Berlin, Germany. (1956-59)</a></span></li>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com45tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-49532282164431919042014-10-07T13:06:00.000+09:002015-01-07T21:48:43.560+09:00FRANCIS KÉRÉ AND THE EARTHEN ARCHITECTURE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="notranslate"><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2014/09/una-de-las-presentaciones-mas.html">ESPAÑOL</a></span><br />
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One of the most celebrated keynote speeches at the XXV World Congress of
Architecture in Durban, was presented by the African architect </span>Diébédo Francis Kéré, born in the small village of Gando in Burkina Faso, one of the poorest countries in the world.<br />
Kéré gave a lecture whose pillars were the
importance of communal work and the use of local materials, especially
earth, and traditional techniques but with spatial and technical innovation, in order to promote sustainable practices.<br />
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<span class="notranslate"> African traditional architecture makes frequent use of the mud.</span></div>
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With his characteristic spontaneity, Kéré recounted having to move from
his small village, where there was no electricity nor school, to a
distant city, as his father wanted him to learn to read and write.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Later, he won a scholarship which allowed him to study architecture at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany.</span> <span class="notranslate"> During his studies he established a foundation and with the help of his friends he managed to collect $ 50,000.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Subsequently, he returned to his hometown and used that money to build a school,
using local materials and local labor from the community.</span> <br />
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Beyond this noble gesture, it is noteworthy his innovative capacity
and ability in design, which shows that large budgets or luxury
materials are not indispensable to create memorable and useful architecture.</span> <span class="notranslate">
It is very inspiring to see how Kéré managed to provide plastic quality
and practical functionality from simple and austere environments.</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> However, his proposal to use clay was not welcomed by the </span>members of the <span class="notranslate">community, who wanted to use more "Western" materials.</span> <span class="notranslate">
However, he manage to convince them to use traditional materials with experimental techniques such as steel rods to reinforce the clay, vaulted elements or manually tamping clay to make the floor, which then was polished by hand with
stones, Kéré and the community successfully developed its first school in
Gando.</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-evM0XLpqLWU/VBu84yE-sMI/AAAAAAAAUKk/89jgOAsO3DU/s1600/DSC_0489%2Bcopy.JPG" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-evM0XLpqLWU/VBu84yE-sMI/AAAAAAAAUKk/89jgOAsO3DU/s1600/DSC_0489%2Bcopy.JPG" height="317" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Various stages of tamped earth on the floor</span></div>
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The volume of the primary school, inspired by the rationality of Mies van
der Rohe, was provided with a prominent overhanging roof.</span> <span class="notranslate">
The open ceiling allows natural ventilation in place that otherwise could reach up to 45 ° C in summer.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qyPf817X50w/VBu3846VHtI/AAAAAAAAUIQ/1sEEyHMVip8/s1600/1.jpg" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qyPf817X50w/VBu3846VHtI/AAAAAAAAUIQ/1sEEyHMVip8/s1600/1.jpg" height="235" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oAJ3mZVuZLo/VBu4DfUHeiI/AAAAAAAAUJM/VVLARwdgdgs/s1600/ca10.jpg" height="273" style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; color: #2288bb; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.48px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></div>
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<span class="notranslate"> After the development of the school, other facilities were added.</span> <span class="notranslate">
For the library, he used an interesting strategy, reusing clay
pots, slicing them and place them as skylights, obtaining a rich internal game of light and
shadow.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZXA84O25xPY/VBu4GL3PCYI/AAAAAAAAUJk/pJf5bwsJsOI/s1600/gando07.jpg" style="background-color: white; color: #888888; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZXA84O25xPY/VBu4GL3PCYI/AAAAAAAAUJk/pJf5bwsJsOI/s1600/gando07.jpg" height="266" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9H3bxx3Ojms/VBu4BBCYJCI/AAAAAAAAUI8/lGOR50hYhgU/s1600/big_398059_8964_01_concrete-ceiling-in-progress3.jpg" height="266" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; color: #2288bb; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T9eBxHTqXOo/VBu4Dg39QVI/AAAAAAAAUJQ/ylq3W3py34U/s1600/gando01.jpg" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T9eBxHTqXOo/VBu4Dg39QVI/AAAAAAAAUJQ/ylq3W3py34U/s1600/gando01.jpg" height="250" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GrvUzYY4mT8/VBu4E4-AZUI/AAAAAAAAUJc/BTYF2Sg5uDM/s1600/gando03.jpg" height="266" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; color: #2288bb; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></div>
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His innovative use of earthen architecture led him to develop several
projects in Burkina Faso (as the Opera Village and Centre de Santé et
Promotion Sociale) and Mali (as the National Park of Mali and the Centre
de l'Architecture en Terre).</span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qc4Habx1WpU/VBu4HFFgOfI/AAAAAAAAUJ0/RmynTq3BBy0/s1600/school8.jpg" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qc4Habx1WpU/VBu4HFFgOfI/AAAAAAAAUJ0/RmynTq3BBy0/s1600/school8.jpg" height="301" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8THhaqkNaz0/VBu3-wKx-BI/AAAAAAAAUIs/kRigkwPmdhk/s1600/OperaSmall1.jpg" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8THhaqkNaz0/VBu3-wKx-BI/AAAAAAAAUIs/kRigkwPmdhk/s1600/OperaSmall1.jpg" height="266" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Opera Village, Laongo, Burkina Faso</span> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vwqAgDuAh9M/VBu4KTtZfrI/AAAAAAAAUKQ/9EqC3jOvU9E/s1600/Kere_Secondary_school_Dano.jpg" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vwqAgDuAh9M/VBu4KTtZfrI/AAAAAAAAUKQ/9EqC3jOvU9E/s1600/Kere_Secondary_school_Dano.jpg" height="266" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pqfxm-02Ems/VBu4GYgoFHI/AAAAAAAAUJo/kpAQkqIbFHs/s1600/high_school_dano_b240310.jpg" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pqfxm-02Ems/VBu4GYgoFHI/AAAAAAAAUJo/kpAQkqIbFHs/s1600/high_school_dano_b240310.jpg" height="265" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.098); padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Secondary School, Dano, Burkina Faso</span> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2XCQiI92vQc/VBvQTYgRyqI/AAAAAAAAQGA/P11ptyI1AzE/s1600/06.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2XCQiI92vQc/VBvQTYgRyqI/AAAAAAAAQGA/P11ptyI1AzE/s1600/06.jpg" height="142" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Centre de Santé et Promotion Sociale</span> </div>
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<img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zfrnyu5CNNg/VBu85yPiD3I/AAAAAAAAUK0/QW3tkf0RW6g/s1600/DSC_0513%2Bcopy.jpg" height="292" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; color: #2288bb; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Surgical Clinic and Health Center, Léo, Burkina Faso</span> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JVUUQzEJJhU/VBvRspbwK5I/AAAAAAAAQGc/tEEUGf_gkJA/s1600/centre%2Bterre.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JVUUQzEJJhU/VBvRspbwK5I/AAAAAAAAQGc/tEEUGf_gkJA/s1600/centre%2Bterre.jpg" height="145" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qkmiUZVr85c/VBvRry2VdDI/AAAAAAAAQGU/tx6DqVW6RMo/s1600/centre%2Bterre%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qkmiUZVr85c/VBvRry2VdDI/AAAAAAAAQGU/tx6DqVW6RMo/s1600/centre%2Bterre%2B2.jpg" height="200" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Centre de l'Architecture in Terre, Mopti, Mali</span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
However, his production is not limited to </span>projects in Africa, since he was the of a competition for the rehabilitation
of Oxford-Kaserne in Münster, Germany, a project of urban
renewal that integrates historic buildings to new facilities, as well as an integrated proposal of landscape architecture.<br />
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He has also participated in the exhibition "Sensing Spaces:
Architecture Reimagined" in the gallery of the Royal Academy of Arts in
London.</span> <span class="notranslate">
This is a temporary structure made of small panels forming vaults, in
which the public was invited to insert their used plastic drinking straws, a way to become
aware of the pollution that these objects produce when not being recycled properly.</span> <br />
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With talent and simplicity, Kéré has not lose their roots and use his
increasing popularity to develop projects for his community, which certainly must be very proud of him.</span> <br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="notranslate"> <i>"If you think in terms of a year plant a seed,</i></span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <i>in terms of 10 years, plant trees</i></span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <i>in terms of 100 years, teach people "</i></span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <i>Confucius</i></span> </blockquote>
</div>
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande'; font-size: 17px; font-weight: normal;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande'; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #333399; font-size: 11px;"><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">-</span></span></span></span> <span style="color: #333399; font-size: 11px;"><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #333399; font-size: 11px;"><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">ADOBE ARCHITECTURE IN CONTEMPORARY</span></span></span></span></span> <br />
<ul style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"> <span class="notranslate"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/01/integrndose-al-paisaje-cultural_27.html&usg=ALkJrhjEamd5qxE9OKAadXlczXjSu120KA" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;"> <span style="color: #7d181e; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">Colca Lodge, Álvaro Pastor</span></a></span></li>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com25tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-62577011126436751862014-09-28T11:12:00.001+09:002014-09-28T11:14:30.864+09:00THE PYRAMID AND COMPLEX OF DJOSER IN SAQQARA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-D4GBZRgB3ks/VCO4JGqZxbI/AAAAAAAAQG4/fPh602T_eCg/s1600/100611484_step%2Bpyramid%2Bof%2Bdjoser%2Bin%2Bsaqqara.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-D4GBZRgB3ks/VCO4JGqZxbI/AAAAAAAAQG4/fPh602T_eCg/s1600/100611484_step%2Bpyramid%2Bof%2Bdjoser%2Bin%2Bsaqqara.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<b><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2014/09/la-piramide-y-el-complejo-de-zoser-en.html">ESPAÑOL</a></b></div>
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<span class="notranslate">
The Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara is the first monument
built in stone in the history of humanity and the one that determined the development of future Egyptian pyramids throughout different
dynasties.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Envisioned and carried out by the great architect, philosopher and physician Imhotep, the
complex at Saqqara not only took a giant leap in the development of
Egyptian funerary architecture but also (a fact less known) he experimented
with an item that would have a huge impact on Egyptian as well as Greco-Roman </span>architecture <span class="notranslate">: the bearing column.</span><br />
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<span class="notranslate"> <b>LOCATION</b></span> <br />
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One of the most significant aspects of the Saqqara complex is its
location, West of Memphis, the Pharaonic capital and about 7 kms from
the Nile River. It is important to stress that Saqqara, like Giza, were not inhabited
settlements: they were cities for the dead .</span> <span class="notranslate"> The location on </span> the West <span class="notranslate">is related to the direction of the sunset, a representation of death and the point where the sun touches the earth.</span> The <span class="notranslate">Saqqara plateau was ideal for this purpose, its height protected it from the floods of
the Nile, as well as due to the desert character of the landscape, in contrast to the lively one in the capital Memphis.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Even today it is clear that abrupt separation between the crops and arid surroundings of the funerary complex.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Both the overall layout of the complex as well as the details of many of
its individual buildings can be explained as the secular translation of
residential architecture in Memphis to stone funerary architecture in
Saqqara.</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HcwWmOfj3pM/VCO4asFuXsI/AAAAAAAAQJw/87vWYU5hrkU/s1600/google%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HcwWmOfj3pM/VCO4asFuXsI/AAAAAAAAQJw/87vWYU5hrkU/s1600/google%2B2.jpg" height="232" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-j6GkrehTmiM/VCO4Z84NKNI/AAAAAAAAQJk/eiEJWhGCpT8/s1600/google%2B1%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-j6GkrehTmiM/VCO4Z84NKNI/AAAAAAAAQJk/eiEJWhGCpT8/s1600/google%2B1%2Bcopy.jpg" height="230" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <b>THE MASTABAS</b></span><br />
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Prior to Djoser, the tombs of the nobles and dignitaries were <i>mastabas </i>
(Arabic word that means "benches" given their trapezoidal shape), which were </span>stone <span class="notranslate"> equivalents to the adobe houses of the cities.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Structures were rectangular and of slightly sloping walls, flat ceiling and with a single entry.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Once the sarcophagus and the treasures of the deceased were placed in an
inner room called <i>serdab </i>the door was sealed and covered with rocks and
sand.</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aiEE73EGip0/VCYS26kMoaI/AAAAAAAAQK8/7N68P_tyv2I/s1600/scan0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aiEE73EGip0/VCYS26kMoaI/AAAAAAAAQK8/7N68P_tyv2I/s1600/scan0001.jpg" height="315" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <b>THE STEP PYRAMID</b></span><br />
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<span class="notranslate"> The pyramid shape was not planned from the beginning.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Initially just a mastaba was developed, as it was the tradition.</span> <span class="notranslate"> It is said that Djoser was very disappointed to see the stature of his grave and demanded to be built higher.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Thus, the great architect Imhotep came with the solution of to creating a platform above the
first mastaba, then another, and another, until a total of 6. Prior to increase the height he was also expanding the mastabas at the bottom, until covering an area of </span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">125</span> <span class="hps">x</span> <span class="hps">109</span> <span class="hps">meters </span></span><span class="hps">a base</span>. <span class="hps">These additions</span> <span class="hps">became evident</span> after the<span class="hps"> collapse of</span> <span class="hps">part of the</span> southern <span class="hps">wall</span> <span class="hps">thus revealing</span> <span class="hps">its internal structure</span><span class="">.</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8CTXHRH3c7E/VCO4Y_bx1_I/AAAAAAAAQJQ/TijrDWyA7PE/s1600/Untitled-2%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8CTXHRH3c7E/VCO4Y_bx1_I/AAAAAAAAQJQ/TijrDWyA7PE/s1600/Untitled-2%2Bcopy.jpg" height="301" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Of course, neither Djoser nor anyone would have noticed this puzzle-like solution, as
the limestone blocks that made up the platforms of the pyramid were covered with
granite, giving stylistic unity and homogeneity to the monument.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fIKyh7gAjIE/VCO4SApmi0I/AAAAAAAAQH4/1zSBOAzIryI/s1600/DSC_0031%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fIKyh7gAjIE/VCO4SApmi0I/AAAAAAAAQH4/1zSBOAzIryI/s1600/DSC_0031%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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I can imagine the joy of Djoser when he saw his tomb completed around 2650 BC. With its 62 meters it was not only much higher than any previous tomb, but
its step form stimulated the idea of ascension into heaven and the
connection with the afterlife.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Moreover, the pyramid meant the realization of two paradigmatic Ancient Kingdom funerary styles: the house type and the type burial mound, which
were typical of the settlements of Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.</span> <span class="notranslate"> When combined in the pyramid, the architecture of the royal tomb became a symbol of the two components of the Egyptian state.</span> <span class="notranslate">
In addition to its impressive size, the pyramid contained a maze of
passages and an innovative system for the grave could support the weight of
such a huge structure.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R-sHUjNyCXU/VCO4ZKh3ZwI/AAAAAAAAQJg/1ZHhkGxyv1E/s1600/dsteppyramid2-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R-sHUjNyCXU/VCO4ZKh3ZwI/AAAAAAAAQJg/1ZHhkGxyv1E/s1600/dsteppyramid2-1.jpg" height="325" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X4YpAo1Fdp4/VCO4JPvg1wI/AAAAAAAAQG8/U1s3yd8-DdE/s1600/1024px-Djoser-coupe-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_galerie-sa%C3%AFte.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X4YpAo1Fdp4/VCO4JPvg1wI/AAAAAAAAQG8/U1s3yd8-DdE/s1600/1024px-Djoser-coupe-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_galerie-sa%C3%AFte.jpg" height="238" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"><b>THE COMPLEX OF DJOSER</b></span> <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bCiKCbGoLs0/VCO4YDV7urI/AAAAAAAAQJE/FIEaI2KOuOY/s1600/Untitled-1%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bCiKCbGoLs0/VCO4YDV7urI/AAAAAAAAQJE/FIEaI2KOuOY/s1600/Untitled-1%2Bcopy.jpg" height="400" width="320" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
The royal funerary complex is surrounded by a niched wall, enclosing a huge compound of 277 x 544 meters, which is an imitation of the mud-brick wall that surrounded the residence of Pharaoh in Memphis, the aim being
to provide the king with a continued use of his palace in the afterlife.</span> <span class="notranslate">
For this reason many of the buildings are solid, massive structures,
without any space or room inside and lacking any particular function.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3K1zAxdE6yA/VCO4K9c1TVI/AAAAAAAAQHU/rQp7S_kj5eM/s1600/480px-Djoser-Komplex_2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3K1zAxdE6yA/VCO4K9c1TVI/AAAAAAAAQHU/rQp7S_kj5eM/s1600/480px-Djoser-Komplex_2.png" height="207" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> 1 Pyramid.</span> <span class="notranslate"> 2 South Tomb.</span> <span class="notranslate"> 3. Shrine of the Sed Feast.</span> <span class="notranslate"> 4. </span>"T"<span class="notranslate"> Temple .</span> <span class="notranslate">5 South.</span>Patio <span class="notranslate">6 South Pavilion.</span> <span class="notranslate"> 7 North Pavilion.</span> <span class="notranslate">8.</span> <span class="notranslate">Mortuary Temple </span><span class="notranslate">10 Colonnade.</span> <span class="notranslate"> 11 North Court.</span> <span class="notranslate"> 12 </span>Northern <span class="notranslate">storages.</span><span class="notranslate">13 Northern galleries.</span> <span class="notranslate"> 14 Serdab.</span> <span class="notranslate">15 Northern </span>Altar. </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hD-KDhAyg8M/VCO4IncM-pI/AAAAAAAAQG0/rhljwltAyJs/s1600/1024px-Djoser-complexe-couleurs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hD-KDhAyg8M/VCO4IncM-pI/AAAAAAAAQG0/rhljwltAyJs/s1600/1024px-Djoser-complexe-couleurs.jpg" height="211" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3XvuhsUYEnM/VCO4JdXpgnI/AAAAAAAAQHE/ufmnPqEge5w/s1600/1024px-Djoser-vue-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3XvuhsUYEnM/VCO4JdXpgnI/AAAAAAAAQHE/ufmnPqEge5w/s1600/1024px-Djoser-vue-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale2.jpg" height="211" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
The large square in front of the pyramid is a spatial typology that
seeks to highlight the scale and monumentality of the structure.</span> <span class="notranslate"> It is a resource used in other cultures' pyramis, </span>distant in time and space from Egypt, such asTeotihuacan, the Maya and the Moche.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9e_vwNTfm4E/VCO4V7_nYNI/AAAAAAAAQIg/LFh-UwmnrF0/s1600/DSC_0984%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9e_vwNTfm4E/VCO4V7_nYNI/AAAAAAAAQIg/LFh-UwmnrF0/s1600/DSC_0984%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Entrance the complex</span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">Only one of the 13 false doors of this wall leads into the square,
through a passage, whose roof was supported by beams which in turn were supported by a colonnade.</span> <span class="notranslate">
These were the first bearing columns in history, and apparently
Imhotep was not sure that they would work, as he joined them in pairs and filled the
space between them.</span> <span class="notranslate"> This experience would be the basis for future free-standing columns in Luxor, Karnak, etc.</span> <span class="notranslate"> In Saqqara columns were rounded to have the appearance of palm trees.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kIXYUrkGNjQ/VCO4NLJHXMI/AAAAAAAAQHg/FlLzj7_4w8g/s1600/DSC_0002%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kIXYUrkGNjQ/VCO4NLJHXMI/AAAAAAAAQHg/FlLzj7_4w8g/s1600/DSC_0002%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> They were built by superimposing individual blocks and they have a wider base to better distribute the loads from the roof.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aTeBr3HwWLc/VCO4VkeIIWI/AAAAAAAAQIY/jkezAG61BPQ/s1600/DSC_0076%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aTeBr3HwWLc/VCO4VkeIIWI/AAAAAAAAQIY/jkezAG61BPQ/s1600/DSC_0076%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
After touring this passage in the semidarkness, the visitor dazzled by
accessing a large square where </span>the Heb Sed <span class="notranslate">took place, a ceremony in the
twentieth or thirtieth year of the reign of the pharaoh, a sort of
royal jubilee in which the monarch was "blessed" by the gods after
participating in religious ceremonies and a series of physical
demonstrations.</span> <span class="notranslate">
To do this, a shrine (whose shape resembled the desert tents), welcomed
a procession and a series of ceremonies officiated by the High Priest.</span> <span class="notranslate"> After the ceremony the </span>Pharaoh was crowned again carrying the symbols of Upper and Lower Egypt.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BMH8p9JJLMg/VCO4U2LV-WI/AAAAAAAAQII/fEF0edHEeLU/s1600/DSC_0075%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BMH8p9JJLMg/VCO4U2LV-WI/AAAAAAAAQII/fEF0edHEeLU/s1600/DSC_0075%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate"> Side chapels.</span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <b>THE RECOVERY PROCESS</b></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
Currently a combined team of Egyptian and British experts is
undertaking a process of restoration and structural reinforcement of the
pyramid, especially at the burial chamber which is in danger of collapse.</span> <span class="notranslate">
The project aims to introduce a set of steel bars which would increase the
stability of the rocks that make up the camera coverage of the
gravestone.</span> <span class="notranslate">
However, since the drilling itself could cause the collapse, it was
necessary to first clean the inside of the camera and then install a
scaffold containing a sort of air mattresses, which may support the rocks in case they collapse.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The project has been carried out despite </span>very difficult logistical and political conditions, due to the recent outbreak of a revolution.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QvGAmjVQb_M/VCO4ORYKwsI/AAAAAAAAQHs/cFZjXh2JYlM/s1600/DSC_0006%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QvGAmjVQb_M/VCO4ORYKwsI/AAAAAAAAQHs/cFZjXh2JYlM/s1600/DSC_0006%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KzZZSG8twlU/VCO4VBoBu6I/AAAAAAAAQIQ/PPWyfBTH68E/s1600/DSC_0074%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KzZZSG8twlU/VCO4VBoBu6I/AAAAAAAAQIQ/PPWyfBTH68E/s1600/DSC_0074%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande'; font-size: 17px;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande'; font-size: 17px;"><br /></span></span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #333399; font-size: 11px;"><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">- <span style="font-style: italic;">OTHER ANCIENT PYRAMIDS</span></span></span></span></span> <br />
<ul>
<li>coming soon</li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2Hw2cFpNVT8/VCO4XkYDWeI/AAAAAAAAQI8/NsJpEWRnHzk/s1600/DSC_1010%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2Hw2cFpNVT8/VCO4XkYDWeI/AAAAAAAAQI8/NsJpEWRnHzk/s1600/DSC_1010%2Bcopy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-20680593877832252762014-09-26T00:53:00.003+09:002014-09-26T00:53:46.950+09:00THE MELIKOV HOUSE AND THE RUSSIAN CONSTRUCTIVISM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qorTrr42KxA/U-p37Mb5uCI/AAAAAAAAP_E/LMh4tCqrA9U/s1600/DSC_0333%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qorTrr42KxA/U-p37Mb5uCI/AAAAAAAAP_E/LMh4tCqrA9U/s1600/DSC_0333%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate"><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2014/08/casa-melnikov-y-el-constructivismo-ruso.html">ESPAÑOL</a></span><br />
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate">The </span>Konstantin Melnikov's <span class="notranslate">house-studio, the most renowned example of </span>Russian Constructivism, is located in the peaceful Krivoarbatsky street (parallel to the bustling pedestrian Arbat street in Moscow), hidden behind the foliage of the only tree on the block.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qAMs55RBXdw/U-p36cVboNI/AAAAAAAAP-4/VxmRFHlnsls/s1600/DSC_0322%2Bcopy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qAMs55RBXdw/U-p36cVboNI/AAAAAAAAP-4/VxmRFHlnsls/s1600/DSC_0322%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate"> At first glance, it is remarkable that this is the only building with a setback in the whole block.</span> <span class="notranslate">A front garden makes evident the curved geometry of the building and its unique composition.</span> <span class="notranslate">
These characteristics, dissimilar to those of the typical Stalinist architecture of the
time, were permitted only due to the popularity of Konstantin Melnikov,
who won the gold medal at the Paris Exposition in 1930. However, in
later decades he was isolated and ridiculed by his colleagues and the house
was repeatedly threatened with demolition.</span> <br /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rZZ0MDVgopw/U-p4A_wkCDI/AAAAAAAAQAg/KQbrntiFaYo/s1600/images1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rZZ0MDVgopw/U-p4A_wkCDI/AAAAAAAAQAg/KQbrntiFaYo/s1600/images1.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<br /><br /> <span class="notranslate">
Furthermore, it is curious that this was one of the few residences that
were allowed to shelter a single family in a time between 3-4 families
were living communally in the same house.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The reason is probably that the Soviet authorities wanted to take this case as an experiment to study new housing typologies.</span> <br /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kD1Gdrl5-3o/U-p4CiCdUyI/AAAAAAAAQA4/ddjvD9bSmGs/s1600/mln6%2Bcopy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="333" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kD1Gdrl5-3o/U-p4CiCdUyI/AAAAAAAAQA4/ddjvD9bSmGs/s1600/mln6%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate"> Indeed, in 1927 Melnikov received a small plot to build his private home - </span>painting and architectural <span class="notranslate">workshop.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Once the project was approved, the architect himself began its construction, which culminated in 1929.</span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZbQmS6njMLY/U-p35bRFjLI/AAAAAAAAP-g/CQZd2LD2ITM/s1600/Constantin_Melnikov-Maison_Melnikov-Plan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZbQmS6njMLY/U-p35bRFjLI/AAAAAAAAP-g/CQZd2LD2ITM/s1600/Constantin_Melnikov-Maison_Melnikov-Plan.jpg" width="273" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate"> Sketch of the plant</span> </div>
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate">
The building consists of two </span>interlinked <span class="notranslate">cylinders of three levels each. They have the same diameter but with different heights, with the shorter south
cylinder containing the entrance.</span> <span class="notranslate"> This difference in height allows the light to enter generously through a window located on the last floor.</span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rJAcdWpN_mw/U-p35VXp_dI/AAAAAAAAP-k/CTSfYnMxO9E/s1600/Alva_41.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="301" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rJAcdWpN_mw/U-p35VXp_dI/AAAAAAAAP-k/CTSfYnMxO9E/s1600/Alva_41.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8q0AsnszJB8/U-p332mnX3I/AAAAAAAAP-I/Ahw1KSEr3mQ/s1600/700_7d564ed2523b32cda6b0fb6889bfb29d.jpg.watermark.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="303" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8q0AsnszJB8/U-p332mnX3I/AAAAAAAAP-I/Ahw1KSEr3mQ/s1600/700_7d564ed2523b32cda6b0fb6889bfb29d.jpg.watermark.jpeg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pykhZNGCt0I/U-p32Ldj1RI/AAAAAAAAP9o/FyB8NZV_1t8/s1600/1311042106-melnikov-house-floor-plans-001-488x500.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pykhZNGCt0I/U-p32Ldj1RI/AAAAAAAAP9o/FyB8NZV_1t8/s1600/1311042106-melnikov-house-floor-plans-001-488x500.jpg" width="390" /></a> </div>
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate"> In the southern side to the street, the cylinder is cut by a glass screen that occupies the entire facade.</span> <br /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bq04Wg0x_Ic/U-p4AB5LpTI/AAAAAAAAQAU/kmGw292TtPg/s1600/dom-melni.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="278" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bq04Wg0x_Ic/U-p4AB5LpTI/AAAAAAAAQAU/kmGw292TtPg/s1600/dom-melni.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-or9Y0A8eJ68/U-p3_k29YnI/AAAAAAAAQAc/RHtdbDJwJfo/s1600/Untitled_Panorama1%2Bcopy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-or9Y0A8eJ68/U-p3_k29YnI/AAAAAAAAQAc/RHtdbDJwJfo/s1600/Untitled_Panorama1%2Bcopy.jpg" width="322" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_jTCo7nadns/U-p37Kna2pI/AAAAAAAAP_U/e9-v0Qgqboo/s1600/DSC_0329%2Bcopy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_jTCo7nadns/U-p37Kna2pI/AAAAAAAAP_U/e9-v0Qgqboo/s1600/DSC_0329%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span class="notranslate"> In contrast, the rest of the volume is more massive, pierced by a series of hexagonal windows.</span> <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SsZ5nKcHHZA/U-p32cBbv2I/AAAAAAAAP9w/0SUWxWGPOXo/s1600/1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SsZ5nKcHHZA/U-p32cBbv2I/AAAAAAAAP9w/0SUWxWGPOXo/s1600/1.jpg" width="300" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate"> The geometry of the windows allowed saving material as bricks were scarce at the time of construction.</span> <br /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kaF9ysAZN6U/U-p4CBrkR_I/AAAAAAAAQAw/wc4ATlxD-Rk/s1600/melnikov-house2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kaF9ysAZN6U/U-p4CBrkR_I/AAAAAAAAQAw/wc4ATlxD-Rk/s1600/melnikov-house2.jpg" width="300" /></a> </div>
<br /> <span class="notranslate">
The structure works like a honeycomb and some of the hexagons were covered
with clay and rubble (which also helps to keep a warmer temperature in winter).</span> <br /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CFr4oG9TNeY/U-p4CL4Lz8I/AAAAAAAAQBQ/FwgGbbTBGJw/s1600/melnikov-house-under-construk.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="332" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CFr4oG9TNeY/U-p4CL4Lz8I/AAAAAAAAQBQ/FwgGbbTBGJw/s1600/melnikov-house-under-construk.jpeg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span class="notranslate">
Others were converted into frames that housed about 60 windows of
different sizes, whose role is to provide controlled illumination to the
interior spaces.</span> <br /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mVvw02V1Dvc/U-r5f0XPVMI/AAAAAAAAQCg/1ArPpT3Os90/s1600/id233_img8_07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mVvw02V1Dvc/U-r5f0XPVMI/AAAAAAAAQCg/1ArPpT3Os90/s1600/id233_img8_07.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate">Outline and arrangement of the windows in the house</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B3-SiAddRxs/U-p4B7FSo3I/AAAAAAAAQAs/IkZ-vXTwIn4/s1600/images2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="311" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B3-SiAddRxs/U-p4B7FSo3I/AAAAAAAAQAs/IkZ-vXTwIn4/s1600/images2.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Oj9Jie7dofQ/U-p39A3MAwI/AAAAAAAAP_s/6UO0MG3hgLE/s1600/Melnikov-House-14-460x316.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Oj9Jie7dofQ/U-p39A3MAwI/AAAAAAAAP_s/6UO0MG3hgLE/s1600/Melnikov-House-14-460x316.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mVS38IG6g3U/U-p4DkZ70jI/AAAAAAAAQBM/qj2dL83mXL8/s1600/tumblr_lgc52d0vND1qe0nlvo1_500.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mVS38IG6g3U/U-p4DkZ70jI/AAAAAAAAQBM/qj2dL83mXL8/s1600/tumblr_lgc52d0vND1qe0nlvo1_500.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate"> Indoors when the architect was alive</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-u6UMAfWvgBA/U-p33DI6CpI/AAAAAAAAP94/bblTuBsjXog/s1600/1692.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="373" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-u6UMAfWvgBA/U-p33DI6CpI/AAAAAAAAP94/bblTuBsjXog/s1600/1692.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate"> Architect Workshop.</span> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-evVF_68jTdE/U-p32ERCTSI/AAAAAAAAP9s/8l7McWMz0Oo/s1600/1290_MelnikovHouse.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="315" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-evVF_68jTdE/U-p32ERCTSI/AAAAAAAAP9s/8l7McWMz0Oo/s1600/1290_MelnikovHouse.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6UPAq5xp0Uc/U-p33wIdtxI/AAAAAAAAP-M/r91Rppr3iL0/s1600/556734_638931442792277_720521107_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="233" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6UPAq5xp0Uc/U-p33wIdtxI/AAAAAAAAP-M/r91Rppr3iL0/s1600/556734_638931442792277_720521107_n.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UhqJJ_VPNx4/U-p3_ZLIlZI/AAAAAAAAQAE/RABcXbTYCPE/s1600/architectmelnikovhousephotos-26.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UhqJJ_VPNx4/U-p3_ZLIlZI/AAAAAAAAQAE/RABcXbTYCPE/s1600/architectmelnikovhousephotos-26.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2ekCo8bBGGE/U-p4C-j4nhI/AAAAAAAAQA8/r5JDK8e1ebE/s1600/russia-moscow-melnikov-house-ru10103456.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2ekCo8bBGGE/U-p4C-j4nhI/AAAAAAAAQA8/r5JDK8e1ebE/s1600/russia-moscow-melnikov-house-ru10103456.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate"> Interior of the house during a recent art exhibition</span> </div>
<br /> <span class="notranslate">
The entire structural load is absorbed into these cylindrical walls in order to
free the internal space from walls, which allows higher flexibility.</span> <br /><br /> <span class="notranslate">
The first of the three levels includes the entrance, hallway, kitchen,
dining and working rooms for </span>the architect's <span class="notranslate">wife and children.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The second level in one of the cylinders contains a living room and the other one a bedroom.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The third level houses of the painting and architectural workshop and a terrace overlooking the double height of the entrance</span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZGen-Wi1zsQ/U-r5f24HrjI/AAAAAAAAQCk/jSOls9JVDGU/s1600/9293031565_6ca53980a6_z.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZGen-Wi1zsQ/U-r5f24HrjI/AAAAAAAAQCk/jSOls9JVDGU/s1600/9293031565_6ca53980a6_z.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<span class="notranslate"> The architect also designed the furniture which has been kept by his descendants.</span> <br /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s-35CuPnErc/U-p38x6aLkI/AAAAAAAAP_o/p4DG9-kT-rA/s1600/DSC_0345%2Bcopy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s-35CuPnErc/U-p38x6aLkI/AAAAAAAAP_o/p4DG9-kT-rA/s1600/DSC_0345%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<br /> <span class="notranslate">
I must confess that I was impressed to see the situation of this
iconic piece of modern architecture of the twentieth century.</span> <span class="notranslate">
As you can see in the pictures it is unfortunate that the
building is in such state of decay, despite the efforts of the family and the ministry of </span>culture <span class="notranslate"> to convert the
house into a museum.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Structural cracks are evidence that this structure is threatened to collapse, and although
emergency has been declared already a couple of years ago, it seems there are still no concrete possibilities for its short-term restoration.</span><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Lzbs5PexcGM/U-p37Z_fF_I/AAAAAAAAP_I/3YiOM5BR1gQ/s1600/DSC_0334%2Bcopy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Lzbs5PexcGM/U-p37Z_fF_I/AAAAAAAAP_I/3YiOM5BR1gQ/s1600/DSC_0334%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PvxHBJwaj80/U-p375xNHtI/AAAAAAAAP_Q/iJAEHZJabtc/s1600/DSC_0336%2Bcopy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PvxHBJwaj80/U-p375xNHtI/AAAAAAAAP_Q/iJAEHZJabtc/s1600/DSC_0336%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a> <br /><br /> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w98Hgz3Yqkk/U-p39m2V6WI/AAAAAAAAP_w/nX7YbtxIiuc/s1600/DSC_0346%2Bcopy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="333" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w98Hgz3Yqkk/U-p39m2V6WI/AAAAAAAAP_w/nX7YbtxIiuc/s1600/DSC_0346%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<br /> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="font-family: lucida grande; font-size: 130%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span></span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"><br style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;" /></span>
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2012/05/victor-horta-house-studio-in-brussels.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">House-Studio of Victor Horta, Brussels, Belgium (1898-1900)</a></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">
<ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/08/frank-lloyd-wright-fallingwater.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Fallingwater, Pennsylvanya, USA. Frank L. Wright (1935-37)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">
<ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/luis-barragan-house-and-studio.html" style="color: #772315; line-height: 1.4; text-decoration: none;">Luis Barragan House and Studio, Mexico, Mexico (1947)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/07/le-corbusier-curutchet-house.html" style="color: #772315; line-height: 1.4; text-decoration: none;">Curutchet House, La Plata, Argentina. Le Corbusier (1949-53)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com24tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-19701594527824747972014-07-29T17:20:00.002+09:002014-07-29T17:51:50.884+09:00FAR EASTERN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY CAMPUS IN RUSSKY ISLAND, VLADIVOSTOK<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-h6cSiqsBUZc/U9Ofvj063VI/AAAAAAAAT4E/8ShH1WUdDW4/s1600/article+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-h6cSiqsBUZc/U9Ofvj063VI/AAAAAAAAT4E/8ShH1WUdDW4/s1600/article+copy.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a> </div>
<a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2014/07/el-campus-de-la-fefu-en-la-isla-russky.html"><b>ESPAÑOL</b></a><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"><br /></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">The campus of the Federal University of the Far East (FEFU in English or </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">DVFU in </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">Russian) is one of the most modern in Russia.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">Located on Russky Island is connected to the port-city of Vladivostok by the longest bridge in the world.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">Its
construction symbolized the modernization of the city (which had been
neglegted by the central goverment for decades), and a commitment to develop an
integrated approach to landscape architecture.</span></span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dTDKBCul6ns/U9Ofu3qpO_I/AAAAAAAAT34/zOEpalQk73g/s1600/IMG_2402+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dTDKBCul6ns/U9Ofu3qpO_I/AAAAAAAAT34/zOEpalQk73g/s1600/IMG_2402+copy.JPG" height="260" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BACKGROUND</span></b></span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Russki&usg=ALkJrhhIi8ymMxHXgUllEzIrkDhks8GJoQ">Russky</a> (97.6 km <span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.049999237060547px;">²),</span>
an island larger than that of Hong Kong, is located at the southern
tip of the peninsula Muraiov-Amurski, served as a military base for more
than a century, but after the fall of the Soviet Union its numerous
fortifications were abandoned.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">The
island has various geographical features, including the small bay of
Ajax which served as a perfect location for construction of the new campus of the
university. The buildings were firstly used as headquarters of APEC, Asia
Pacific Economic Cooperation in 2012.</span></span> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"> </span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EFRLmgeBjTs/U9OfwNZV1-I/AAAAAAAAT4M/TEvYsYXYmNA/s1600/google1+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EFRLmgeBjTs/U9OfwNZV1-I/AAAAAAAAT4M/TEvYsYXYmNA/s1600/google1+copy.jpg" height="242" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ibVMBZhy9rM/U9OfwSOxJ1I/AAAAAAAAT4Q/WJhDL_5iiTE/s1600/google2+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ibVMBZhy9rM/U9OfwSOxJ1I/AAAAAAAAT4Q/WJhDL_5iiTE/s1600/google2+copy.jpg" height="250" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">This event was an opportunity for Russia to focus its attention to the economies of the Pacific.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">It may be ironic but </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"> since the Soviet Revolution Vladivosttok, </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">despite its strategic location, </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">turned its back to the Pacific and </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">related mainly to Moscow. During the Cold War the city was a military base and had limited access to the Russians themselves. As a </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">result after the communist era there was a continuous </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">decline in </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">population due to lack of opportunities.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">Due to
the European economic crisis and </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">accelerated </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">growth of neighbouring China, the development of Vladivostok and Russky Island became a priority
for the Russian government.</span></span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-APdm6c5USRU/U9SeNi4vIwI/AAAAAAAAP5E/-emcu15csqE/s1600/construccion.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-APdm6c5USRU/U9SeNi4vIwI/AAAAAAAAP5E/-emcu15csqE/s1600/construccion.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i>Campus during its construction process</i></span></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">I have witnessed this rapid development.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">When I first came in 2009 the city lacked many services and infrastructure and it looked gloomy and backward.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">In March 2012 it was in the process of building, working against time to complete the work for the mega-event.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">In
October 2012, the city looked unrecognizable from that one that saw just
three years ago, ravishing as a bride just after her wedding party.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">Some
of the most important facilities that were built in the city were a new airport
and highway, two new bridges, one waste treatment plant and the new
campus for the FEFU.</span></span> <br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"><br /></span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DdzzfnQb-3s/U9SeNLoLlKI/AAAAAAAAP48/c_SfeuWV1zY/s1600/131834059_51n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DdzzfnQb-3s/U9SeNLoLlKI/AAAAAAAAP48/c_SfeuWV1zY/s1600/131834059_51n.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i>During the APEC 2012, an event that brought together several countries of the Asia-Pacific</i></span></span> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZmmNyUqnkgA/U9SfT9J_o2I/AAAAAAAAP5U/g3zlxSjN_GI/s1600/Russian_bridge-_in_Vladivostok+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZmmNyUqnkgA/U9SfT9J_o2I/AAAAAAAAP5U/g3zlxSjN_GI/s1600/Russian_bridge-_in_Vladivostok+copy.JPG" height="185" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i>Russky Bridge (or Russian Bridge), the longest in the world</i></span></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"><br /></span> <span class="notranslate"> NEW CAMPUS</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Droid Sans, sans-serif;">Perhaps
the aspect I most value in the design of the campus is its respect for
the site and topography, especially in contrast with the chaotic layout of
various sectors of the city, which copied the template of residential
units designed in Moscow or St. Petersburg regardless of the site, climate or environment of the territory in which they were built.</span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Droid Sans, sans-serif;">This circumstance makes daily life difficult, especially during heavy rains in summer or winter frost.</span></span></span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iabQXZMBhxs/U9Ofv2u7BgI/AAAAAAAAT4I/sIFkGD-WLc0/s1600/flood.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iabQXZMBhxs/U9Ofv2u7BgI/AAAAAAAAT4I/sIFkGD-WLc0/s1600/flood.jpg" height="247" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Floods happen every year in the city due to the design of
the urban layout and lack of storm drain infrastructure.</i></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Both aspects have been taken into account in the design of the new university campus.</i></span></span></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">In
contrast, the many buildings that make up the campus are arranged
radially following a path parallel to the topography of the bay.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">The geographical conformation embraces the urban university setting, almost like a womb protecting a body inside.</span></span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-83N7zz7cwfQ/U9OfzC4QZyI/AAAAAAAAT4s/LIisczBnGVQ/s1600/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-83N7zz7cwfQ/U9OfzC4QZyI/AAAAAAAAT4s/LIisczBnGVQ/s1600/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0+copy.jpg" height="400" width="362" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">The layout
sits gently on the topography through three parallel and concentric roads . There are a few perpendicular sreets, but they are mainly connected by pedestrian
walkways.</span></span> <br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"><br /></span> <br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UpjLbs9ErdE/U9OfqDEIVDI/AAAAAAAAT2s/r-avy3LSc2k/s1600/0_3bdf3_baff3147_XL.jpg" height="196" width="400" /></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"><br /></span> <span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">54 o</span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">f
the 120 acres that make up the campus are occupied by parks and green areas,
which allow good environmental and visual quality, enables all
buildings enjoy vistas of the sea and at the same time absorb the more rough areas of topographic relief.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">In the center of the radial composition is a large park that ends in a promenade in the border with the sea.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">Topographic
differences are taken into account to generate waterfalls, forests or landscape compositions that enhance the strolling experience through the campus.</span></span> <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nxNgjCeLWwY/U9OfupbARZI/AAAAAAAAT30/WJVEf6Y3r68/s1600/IMG_2401+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nxNgjCeLWwY/U9OfupbARZI/AAAAAAAAT30/WJVEf6Y3r68/s1600/IMG_2401+copy.JPG" height="298" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DcuABMZx0dI/U9OfqUQF1QI/AAAAAAAAT3Q/511ExPFfUXo/s1600/1405415210-c34ed2ad8a7085825c10317f080cc075+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DcuABMZx0dI/U9OfqUQF1QI/AAAAAAAAT3Q/511ExPFfUXo/s1600/1405415210-c34ed2ad8a7085825c10317f080cc075+copy.JPG" height="266" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <i><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Details of the landscape design of the park</span></i></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">The
buildings are grouped into 3 areas: the central administrative area, to the east laboratories and classrooms</span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"> are
located</span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"> and university
residences are place to the north.</span></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">The main entrance is dominated by a 8 storey </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">building </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">containing multiple services, a bank, a library and the offices of rector.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">The main façade appears as a fragmented cube, to which glass edges overlap.</span></span> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lgSTo0eV0dc/U9OfvcgguXI/AAAAAAAAT4A/My0afgag8Js/s1600/article+%281%29+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lgSTo0eV0dc/U9OfvcgguXI/AAAAAAAAT4A/My0afgag8Js/s1600/article+%281%29+copy.jpg" height="272" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px; text-align: left;"><br /></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px; text-align: left;"><u>T</u>he back facade is dominated by an extensive curved </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px; text-align: left;">glass </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px; text-align: left;">screen.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px; text-align: left;">The building is crowned by a large parasol that gives unity to the composition of the volume.</span></span> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mlFhb1zYyYM/U9OftB1D-mI/AAAAAAAAT3o/3R1KwJdQdbQ/s1600/Far_Eastern_Federal_University,_Vladivostok,_Russia+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mlFhb1zYyYM/U9OftB1D-mI/AAAAAAAAT3o/3R1KwJdQdbQ/s1600/Far_Eastern_Federal_University,_Vladivostok,_Russia+copy.JPG" height="308" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">The
building wraps a large central hall to which numerous
terraces overlook. From inside, the visitor is received by spectacular views due to the wide glass wall .</span></span> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ly975i3qMfs/U9OfrN1m9aI/AAAAAAAAT24/5WTbYQRgyeM/s1600/DSC_0348+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ly975i3qMfs/U9OfrN1m9aI/AAAAAAAAT24/5WTbYQRgyeM/s1600/DSC_0348+copy.JPG" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-93VgVDyFGFo/U9Ofr1P8RtI/AAAAAAAAT3I/wh6BpaA_QtA/s1600/DSC_0363+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-93VgVDyFGFo/U9Ofr1P8RtI/AAAAAAAAT3I/wh6BpaA_QtA/s1600/DSC_0363+copy.JPG" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QjWjU8cIkOs/U9OfsjOlbrI/AAAAAAAAT3U/q8dWcu5kpF8/s1600/DSC_0371+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QjWjU8cIkOs/U9OfsjOlbrI/AAAAAAAAT3U/q8dWcu5kpF8/s1600/DSC_0371+copy.JPG" height="300" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Hr9IjxATNn0/U9Ofs0bJszI/AAAAAAAAT3s/nP3-uX2ZmCQ/s1600/DSC_0376+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Hr9IjxATNn0/U9Ofs0bJszI/AAAAAAAAT3s/nP3-uX2ZmCQ/s1600/DSC_0376+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bOvre3X3snw/U9Ofqy68FlI/AAAAAAAAT3A/hy6R0VKtXB8/s1600/6qBUTQzavc4+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bOvre3X3snw/U9Ofqy68FlI/AAAAAAAAT3A/hy6R0VKtXB8/s1600/6qBUTQzavc4+copy.jpg" height="262" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">On both sides of this building many administrative and management areas, auditoriums, cafeterias and office functions are located.</span></span> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif;">The</span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"> blocks containing, classrooms, laboratories, meeting rooms, etc. are arranged in different levels according to the topography.</span></span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">At one end there is the pool and the gym, which is occassionaly used for regional and international events.</span></span> <br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"><br /></span> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MjdhNrK75Bw/U9SiJ3u1P7I/AAAAAAAAP5o/x3E-hnytTrQ/s1600/DSC_0088+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MjdhNrK75Bw/U9SiJ3u1P7I/AAAAAAAAP5o/x3E-hnytTrQ/s1600/DSC_0088+copy.jpg" height="264" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pxeVmFIku2Y/U9OftWQfLUI/AAAAAAAAT3k/bOFXRr_QpSU/s1600/IMG_2397+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pxeVmFIku2Y/U9OftWQfLUI/AAAAAAAAT3k/bOFXRr_QpSU/s1600/IMG_2397+copy.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-645jEP-UH_Y/U9OfuZacPGI/AAAAAAAAT3w/bKdi1qJ07pw/s1600/IMG_2399+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-645jEP-UH_Y/U9OfuZacPGI/AAAAAAAAT3w/bKdi1qJ07pw/s1600/IMG_2399+copy.JPG" height="298" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i>Details of the gym and pool, which is also one of the buildings of the Faculty of Arts, Culture and Sports</i></span></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">An
important detail is that these buildings are linked by bridges of steel
and glass, which not only give the complex a futuristic image, but are particularly
useful during the long six </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">winter </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">months where the temperature can reach
25C below zero.</span></span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zsSCoBAre64/U9SiQgA1quI/AAAAAAAAP5w/iBf_6QR6n7Q/s1600/DSC_0092+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zsSCoBAre64/U9SiQgA1quI/AAAAAAAAP5w/iBf_6QR6n7Q/s1600/DSC_0092+copy.JPG" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i>A bridge connecting two buildings of the Faculty of Arts, Culture and Sports</i></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WV1_Blxv_uI/U9dgX7vjptI/AAAAAAAAT54/J4eoRCQKvAc/s1600/photo+(5).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WV1_Blxv_uI/U9dgX7vjptI/AAAAAAAAT54/J4eoRCQKvAc/s1600/photo+(5).JPG" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zCqr36RlsT8/U9dgX6KEbJI/AAAAAAAAT58/KmzG0_I4AxQ/s1600/photo+(6).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zCqr36RlsT8/U9dgX6KEbJI/AAAAAAAAT58/KmzG0_I4AxQ/s1600/photo+(6).JPG" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-size: small;"><i> </i></span></span> </div>
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">Featuring
an eclectic style, different from the glassy and metallic lines of the educational and administrative buildings, the dormitories (here called hotels) are formed by terraced volumes </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">arranged in a U-shape open to the sea,</span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"> also integrated to the the topographic relief. Their
shape contrasts with the massive blocks that characterized the bedrooms
of the old campus, examples of </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">the dreary </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">Soviet </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">modern architecture.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">Besides the appartments for students and professors, these hotels include cantines, restaurants, services and convenience stores.</span></span> <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AusQ343IUP4/U9OfqdwjbXI/AAAAAAAAT2w/SWBJtaciHaA/s1600/50779+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AusQ343IUP4/U9OfqdwjbXI/AAAAAAAAT2w/SWBJtaciHaA/s1600/50779+copy.JPG" height="300" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i>The library, on the right, is one of the buildings is still working in the old campus in downtown Vladivostok.</i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="notranslate"> <i>In the background the old dormitory, in modern style as it was popular in the Soviet era.</i></span></span> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tM1xC8TQsEc/U9OfxRNP5eI/AAAAAAAAT4c/BbZ9JS06BBc/s1600/urn-advego.ru-order-2198487-jobs-42836885.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tM1xC8TQsEc/U9OfxRNP5eI/AAAAAAAAT4c/BbZ9JS06BBc/s1600/urn-advego.ru-order-2198487-jobs-42836885.jpg" height="220" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i>The terracing of the residences evokes the slope of the topography of the island.</i></span></span> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-V59-OHg2FaY/U9OfyqEJhvI/AAAAAAAAT4o/wi351BCtaIo/s1600/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%94%D0%92%D0%A4%D0%A3+%D1%81+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-V59-OHg2FaY/U9OfyqEJhvI/AAAAAAAAT4o/wi351BCtaIo/s1600/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%94%D0%92%D0%A4%D0%A3+%D1%81+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+copy.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a> <span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i><br /></i></span> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zl3BEQLDess/U9OfyLkANEI/AAAAAAAAT4k/ok1tKYzdJaU/s1600/verano.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zl3BEQLDess/U9OfyLkANEI/AAAAAAAAT4k/ok1tKYzdJaU/s1600/verano.jpg" height="263" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i>During the summer, the population makes use of the park and the beach</i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">Other <span style="font-size: small;">facilities include parkings and the bus</span> terminal buses that serve campus, the medical center and the power plant, which although is located outside the
campus, it provides heat and hot water to the entire population of 20,000
students living at the univbersity.</span></span> <br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"><br /></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">The
new campus of the University FEFU has become a new symbol for the
development of the city and in particular of the Russky Island.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">A
few kilometers away, the new aquarium of the Primorye region is under construction
and given the enormous potential of the island, there are ideas for the
development of new </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;"> metropolitan regional
and international </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">research centers and recreation facilities.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px;">However we expect that this would be also an opportunity to make the island an example of environmentally sustainable design.</span></span> <br />
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i>The new aquarium, which should be completed next year</i></span></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="font-family: 'lucida grande'; font-size: 16.799999237060547px;">SEE <span style="font-style: italic;">ALSO:</span></span></span></span></span> </div>
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #333399; font-size: 11.199999809265137px;"><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; line-height: 14.5600004196167px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">- <span style="font-style: italic;">EDUCATION.</span></span></span></span></span> <br />
<ul style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; line-height: 14.5600004196167px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"></ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/09/zaha-hadid-performing-arts-center-abu.html">Performing Arts Center. Abu Dhabi, UAE. Zaha Hadid (2007-)</a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iXTbfFtgJzE/U9SfglhKYnI/AAAAAAAAP5c/D5O0K6VaH5w/s1600/DSC_0303.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iXTbfFtgJzE/U9SfglhKYnI/AAAAAAAAP5c/D5O0K6VaH5w/s1600/DSC_0303.JPG" height="178" width="320" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">With a group of students from the university</span></i></span></span></div>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com20tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-61875598439345688622013-11-23T10:40:00.000+09:002013-11-23T10:41:33.097+09:00LE CORBUSIER: HEIDI WEBER MUSEUM, ZURICH<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2013/11/el-museo-le-corbusier-zurich.html">ESPAÑOL</a></b><br />
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The <b>Le Corbusier</b> or <b>Heidi Weber Museum</b> in Zurich, Switzerland, is the latest work of the famous Swiss-French architect, and that is precisely dedicated to his work, housing some of his paintings sculptures, furniture, documents and models of some of his work.<br />
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<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.142857551574707px; line-height: 10.285714149475098px;">The building was commissioned in 1960 and after many changes and it was inaugurated in 1967, two years after the death of its creator.</span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.142857551574707px; line-height: 10.285714149475098px;"> </span><br />
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The building is located in a small park not far from Lake Zurich, .It is remarkable that the orientation of the building is set diagonally, unlike all the buildings in the area which are placed parallel to the direction of the lake.<br />
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The museum Le Corbusier materializes the spirit of his architectural theories, establishing a dialogue between art and architecture. I was conducted thanks to the enthusiasm of her friend Heidi Weber, who owned an art gallery in Zurich.<br />
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The museum clearly highlights two elements: the cover and the body of the building.<br />
Le Corbusier devised coverage pavilion originally reinforced concrete but was later convinced realize in metal. This metal structure composed of metal plates, 5 mm thick, was designed on the basis of two squares of 12 x 12 meters square and is supported by pillars of 9 meters high, found in the middle of the sides of the building leaving the corners free.<br />
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This characteristic as well as the form of the roof, folded like an origami, give it a light and dynamic character.<br />
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Under the roof, the body of the museum is organized in cubic modules of 2.26 meters per side, corresponding to the measurements of the Modulor. Its arrangement reflects the theory of infinite growth something that had been proposed in museums in <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/10/le-corbusier-museum-of-western-art.html">Tokyo</a> and Chandigarh.<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>The roof was prefabricated in the steel manufactory and thereafter, in the biggest possible units, transported to the building site, where it was assembled on the ground. The two finally welded pans of the roof were then lifted to their final height (9 m) by a crane and fixed on the pillars.</i><i>With the frame thus completed the construction process benefited from the independent roof protection which was at that time already in its proper place. It consists of cubes of 2.26 x 2.26 m [edged steel pieces - 3mm thick). which were are assembled on the site.<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">.</span></i></blockquote>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ONdO98gWLPw/UonshDzsq3I/AAAAAAAATvE/mix_xdkuwGI/s1600/DSC_7094+copy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ONdO98gWLPw/UonshDzsq3I/AAAAAAAATvE/mix_xdkuwGI/s400/DSC_7094+copy.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal; text-align: left;"><i><br /></i></span><i>Walls. windows, openings and floors were then screwed on to the steel frame. The walls consist of enamelled panels measuring 1.13 x 2.26 m.</i></blockquote>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5wdsn-cNrf4/UonsdSJVmmI/AAAAAAAATuM/cx_tJJGzF7M/s1600/DSC_7076+copy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5wdsn-cNrf4/UonsdSJVmmI/AAAAAAAATuM/cx_tJJGzF7M/s400/DSC_7076+copy.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>The placing of these enamel panels was planned according to a particular rhythmic system. a system which could be adapted for any other composition preferred. Afterwards, the entire building complex was placed on a concrete ground floor.</i></blockquote>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_Dpn6VmrLh0/UonsmKzid-I/AAAAAAAATv8/FnJhZho4oTY/s1600/DSC_7125+copy.jpg" style="color: #7d181e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_Dpn6VmrLh0/UonsmKzid-I/AAAAAAAATv8/FnJhZho4oTY/s400/DSC_7125+copy.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>The building has two floors - five single-storied and one double-stored rooms.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>When constructing the building complex. more than 20,000 bolts were used.</i></div>
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Inside the building is organized on two levels and a basement. The program, in addition to the exhibition rooms, including an auditorium, a dining room and terraces<br />
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<span class="notranslate"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="font-family: 'lucida grande'; font-size: 17.14285659790039px;">SEE <span style="font-style: italic;">ALSO:</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="font-family: 'lucida grande'; font-size: 17.14285659790039px;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.142857551574707px; line-height: 10.285714149475098px;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 10.857142448425293px;"><span style="font-size: 10.857142448425293px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">- <span style="font-style: italic;">OTHER works of Le Corbusier.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.142857551574707px; line-height: 10.285714149475098px;"> </span><br />
<ul style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.142857551574707px; line-height: 10.285714149475098px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-size: 10.857142448425293px;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2008/02/casa-curutchet-le-corbusier.html&usg=ALkJrhiNMZo4MzD1MaHZvr4obcTC-0KS0Q" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;">House Curutchet.</a></span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span style="font-size: 10.857142448425293px;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2008/02/casa-curutchet-le-corbusier.html&usg=ALkJrhiNMZo4MzD1MaHZvr4obcTC-0KS0Q" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;">La Plata.</a></span></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span class="notranslate"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2008/01/chandigarh-y-le-corbusier-i.html&usg=ALkJrhg4Wk9qLfzOsS4rghXQnQx5QiJnUw" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.857142448425293px;">Chandigarh, urban approach.</span></a></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span class="notranslate"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2008/01/chandigarh-y-le-corbusier-ii.html&usg=ALkJrhgDkvZomqMioIrFqwY6hGwYNa9Nfg" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.857142448425293px;">Chandigarh, Capitol.</span></a></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span class="notranslate"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2010/04/le-corbusier-museo-de-arte-en-tokio.html&usg=ALkJrhj0CXimbHdPBlJb7kuTgXhhJ47Nng" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.857142448425293px;">National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Japan.</span></a></span> <span class="notranslate"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2010/04/le-corbusier-museo-de-arte-en-tokio.html&usg=ALkJrhj0CXimbHdPBlJb7kuTgXhhJ47Nng" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.857142448425293px;">(1956-1959)</span></a></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span class="notranslate"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2010/04/le-corbusier-unite-dhabitation-de.html&usg=ALkJrhjPGofyOir-wqwlX10QwHJrUdybYQ" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.857142448425293px;">Unité d'Habitation, Berlin, Germany.</span></a></span> <span class="notranslate"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2010/04/le-corbusier-unite-dhabitation-de.html&usg=ALkJrhjPGofyOir-wqwlX10QwHJrUdybYQ" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.857142448425293px;">(1956-1959)</span></a></span></li>
</ul>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-58851572643928013682013-10-11T20:47:00.002+09:002013-10-20T20:41:27.742+09:00DIALOGUES: LANDSCAPES OF THE WORLD<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DCTPC-SXqCw/UlffpRAiHwI/AAAAAAAAPlI/wHeqAXGTQis/s1600/blog+00.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DCTPC-SXqCw/UlffpRAiHwI/AAAAAAAAPlI/wHeqAXGTQis/s640/blog+00.jpg" width="465" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>LOOK UP!</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>1. Detail of a National Concert Hall, Taipei, Taiwan.
<br />2. Detail of the mosaics at the Church of Our Savior of the Spilled Blood, Saint Petersburg, Russia
</i></div>
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<a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2013/10/dialogos-paisajes-del-mundo.html">ESPAÑOL</a><br />
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<span class="notranslate">The personal </span>photo exhibition entitled "Dialogues: Landscapes of the World" is being shown a<span class="notranslate">t the ARTETAGE Museum of Contemporary Art in Vladivostok, Russia.</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6bV4ZLh2stc/Ulffpj0QxzI/AAAAAAAAPlM/weCgmkDd5lA/s1600/blog+02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="283" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6bV4ZLh2stc/Ulffpj0QxzI/AAAAAAAAPlM/weCgmkDd5lA/s400/blog+02.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<i><span class="notranslate"> BEYOND THE FRACTURE</span> </i></div>
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<i><span class="notranslate"> 1.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Angkor Wat, Cambodia</span> </i></div>
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<i><span class="notranslate"> 2.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The monumental <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2009/07/petra-jordania-urbanismo-y-paisaje.html&usg=ALkJrhjsG5v6ZvG2E0Q62ey4TwDJ7oGU_g">Treasury in Petra, Jordan</a> , as seen from the winding passage called the Siq.</span></i> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
The exhibition consists of a series of pairs of view, representing
diverse landscapes, separated in time and space but united by a common
idea, whether formal or symbolic, subtly suggested by a title.</span> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> However, the viewer is invited to make this connection, and thus he or she becomes the agent of the dialogue between these two places.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-p0RZA0icYIU/UlffpvsCCnI/AAAAAAAAPlQ/eZaYCd1cXO8/s1600/blog01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-p0RZA0icYIU/UlffpvsCCnI/AAAAAAAAPlQ/eZaYCd1cXO8/s400/blog01.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate"><i> TANGLED</i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><span class="notranslate"> 1) Ruins of the temple of Ta Prohm, Cambodia, reclaimed by the jungle.</span> <br /><span class="notranslate"> 2) Detail of the modern Olympic Stadium in Beijing, China, evoking a "Bird's Nest"</span></i> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> This exhibition is a selection of places featured on this blog.</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate"><b>SEE ALSO</b></span><br />
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2010/11/expo-shanghai-2010-intensive-gazes.html">EXPO Shanghai 2010: Intensive Glances</a></b></li>
</ul>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-34111853879681507612013-09-09T08:07:00.001+09:002013-09-09T08:08:45.868+09:00THE GREAT MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ry6GPPdlI/AAAAAAAAEvA/BM2mgEBfbeE/s1600/umayyad-mosque-500.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452437378806281810" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ry6GPPdlI/AAAAAAAAEvA/BM2mgEBfbeE/s400/umayyad-mosque-500.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
The Great Mosque of Damascus, also known as the Umayyad Mosque is the holiest building of the Muslim world after Mecca and
Medina.</span> I had the chance of visit it some years ago because t<span class="notranslate">his is one of the few mosques that allow access to non-Muslims. It is so important that in 2001 John Paul II became the
first pope to visit a mosque.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The reason is that it is said that this temple keeps the head of John the Baptist, a prophet revered by both Christians and Muslims.</span> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> But the religious significance of the mosque goes hand in hand with its cultural and architectural importance.</span> <span class="notranslate">
It is the oldest monumental structure of Islam and its architectural characteristics are very
different from the Christian churches at the time. This mosque became a milestone in
terms of </span>architectural layout and composition and had a huge
influence on subsequent mosques such as those of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/04/la-gran-mezquita-de-crdoba.html&usg=ALkJrhgr5e-ZOI9dTRK28SP9ouSabxK3Lw">Cordoba</a> , Kairouan, etc.. .<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ryKgfPU2I/AAAAAAAAEuA/Z86INFNepL8/s1600/dusk-at-the-umayyad-mosque-damascus-syria-1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452436561218982754" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ryKgfPU2I/AAAAAAAAEuA/Z86INFNepL8/s400/dusk-at-the-umayyad-mosque-damascus-syria-1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 265px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="notranslate"> It was considered one of the wonders of his time and has been declared, needless to say, a World Heritage Site by UNESCO , like the rest of the historical area of the city of Damascus.</span> </div>
</div>
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ry5OL1t1I/AAAAAAAAEuo/wcIpSGkXv-o/s1600/jIMG_0193_Enhancer.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452437363759626066" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ry5OL1t1I/AAAAAAAAEuo/wcIpSGkXv-o/s400/jIMG_0193_Enhancer.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span class="notranslate"><br /> DAMASCUS, THE WORLD'S OLDEST CITY</span> </div>
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Founded in the third millennium BC, Damascus is the oldest continuously
inhabited city in the world, with remains dating from the Copper Age,
between 10,000 to 8,000 BC. Throughout its long history </span>Damascus <span class="notranslate"> has been
influenced or conquered by Egyptians, Assyrians, Greeks, Romans (it was also one of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://anecdotasmoleskine.blogspot.com/2009/06/san-pablo-y-damasco.html&usg=ALkJrhgHXGW2Ejr2EBU2EqcazY4Dr08m-g">first sites of spread of Christianity</a> ), Byzantines, Arabs, Mongols, Mamelukes and Ottomans.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Its labyrinthine streets, filled with the scent of spices and fragrances and dotted
with hundreds of monuments, are a melting pot of history, a showcase of
architectural and artistic styles, a feast for the senses.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Various denominations of Catholics, Orthodox and Muslims creeds find refuge in its many impressive temples.</span> <span class="notranslate"> But undoubtedly, </span>Damascus most spectacular monument is the Great Mosque.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJkZDhEfI/AAAAAAAAErw/D24GV9vx9J8/s1600/74105075.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110450946806258" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJkZDhEfI/AAAAAAAAErw/D24GV9vx9J8/s400/74105075.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 267px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />BACKGROUND</span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> Like <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/10/the-great-mosque-of-cordoba.html">other mosques that were built on top of ancient shrines</a>, that of Damascus was developed in an area where once was located a temple
dedicated to Hadad Aramaic, built about 1000 BC, of which a basalt
monolith </span> was found.<br />
<span class="notranslate"> Following the Roman </span><span class="notranslate">era, there was </span>a temple dedicated to Jupiter in the first century AD, which rested upon a rectangular base (<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25A9menos&usg=ALkJrhgyBI0M06-NZU9_vpbMhp0BHY5Syw">temenos</a>) and measured 385 x 305 meters, complemented with towers on the corners.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #473624; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452462880013900690" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6sKGdo7W5I/AAAAAAAAEvo/J8kqlH7M58E/s400/1503355.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 261px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Wall of old roman temple used by the mosque.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://www.life.com/image/71753417&usg=ALkJrhj7afue03SWI-wMGUD7qaMuRHC4Hg">LIFE</a></span></span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
<span class="notranslate"><br /> Then, in the fourth century a Christian basilica dedicated to St. John the Baptist </span>was built in <span class="notranslate">Byzantine style.</span> <span class="notranslate"> After its conquest by the Muslims in 638 </span>Damascus was consecrated as the capital of Islam in 660 and -as in the case of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/04/la-gran-mezquita-de-crdoba.html&usg=ALkJrhgr5e-ZOI9dTRK28SP9ouSabxK3Lw">Great Mosque of Cordoba</a> -, initially Muslims and Christians shared the same building for praying. Subsequently, the caliph al-Walid bought the church to the Christians and ordered its demolition to expands the mosque.<br />
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">CONCEPT</span></span> <br />
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<span class="notranslate"> The impact of the mosque over the organic and messy urban layoutof Damascus is huge.</span> <span class="notranslate">
The rectangular complex measures 157 x 100 m longer and it faces Mecca
(this direction is called qibla), which in this case is to the south.</span> <br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJnKoNgII/AAAAAAAAEsg/FpMRlsFkGE8/s1600/google+1+copy.jpg"><br /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJmpK6n6I/AAAAAAAAEsY/IwGLjYMMSt0/s1600/google+2+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110489632546722" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJmpK6n6I/AAAAAAAAEsY/IwGLjYMMSt0/s400/google+2+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 260px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span class="notranslate"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://maps.google.com/maps/ms%3Fhl%3Den%26ie%3DUTF8%26msa%3D0%26msid%3D102855323729731991601.00046250ac1738f6760ea%26ll%3D33.511102,36.305255%26spn%3D0.006897,0.011276%26t%3Dk%26z%3D17&usg=ALkJrhhRMxHwGVpvSPvXbzAL-QYPS5zFlA">See location on Google Maps</a></span> </div>
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To the west, which the main entrance is located, there is a square that is
rather a retreat from the surrounding buildings, and that in itself has
no urban treatment.</span> <span class="notranslate"> But you do not need, because the courtyard serves as square.</span> <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ryLM_y9vI/AAAAAAAAEuI/tbbjhZIf6sY/s1600/IMG_9891_Enhancer-IMG_9896_Enhancer.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452436573166696178" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ryLM_y9vI/AAAAAAAAEuI/tbbjhZIf6sY/s400/IMG_9891_Enhancer-IMG_9896_Enhancer.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 162px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Join the mosque.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://hansmast.com/2008/06/syria-damascus-architecture-of-the-umayyad-mosque/&usg=ALkJrhgbo2-w7WPSEZat2gmlU2f_w9AiAA">Hans Mast</a> .</span></span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
Outside there are three minarets that were used to call to prayer: the </span>square base Minaret
of the Bride, is the oldest minaret in the history of
Islam (s. VIII-XII), the so called Minaret of Jesus, because is believed that Jesus
will return there on doomsday (XIII) and the Minaret of Quait Bey, which layout has a polygonal form (s. XV).<br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJkZDhEfI/AAAAAAAAErw/D24GV9vx9J8/s1600/74105075.jpg"><br /></a> <br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJmNbZ3tI/AAAAAAAAEsQ/FsGJqWvY2ls/s1600/ummay5+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110482185510610" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJmNbZ3tI/AAAAAAAAEsQ/FsGJqWvY2ls/s400/ummay5+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 259px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> The complex is based on the layout of the house of the Prophet Muhammad in Medina: a large courtyard and a covered area.</span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJlMNOiHI/AAAAAAAAEsA/JIIMg-JtIQA/s1600/ummay1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110464677742706" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJlMNOiHI/AAAAAAAAEsA/JIIMg-JtIQA/s400/ummay1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 307px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJnKoNgII/AAAAAAAAEsg/FpMRlsFkGE8/s1600/google+1+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110498613788802" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJnKoNgII/AAAAAAAAEsg/FpMRlsFkGE8/s400/google+1+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 263px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">The Patio</span></span> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> The large patio is a square (122.5 x 50 m), surrounded on three sides by a double arcade.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The upper arches are double and much smaller than the lower ones.</span> <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ryLfbIkMI/AAAAAAAAEuQ/y5Xsbp_SHr4/s1600/IMG_9901_Enhancer-IMG_9907_Enhancer.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452436578113196226" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ryLfbIkMI/AAAAAAAAEuQ/y5Xsbp_SHr4/s400/IMG_9901_Enhancer-IMG_9907_Enhancer.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 177px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ry52EARfI/AAAAAAAAEu4/DxpzIn-3W5A/s1600/jIMG_0281_Enhancer-IMG_0292_Enhancer-1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452437374464181746" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ry52EARfI/AAAAAAAAEu4/DxpzIn-3W5A/s400/jIMG_0281_Enhancer-IMG_0292_Enhancer-1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 152px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Panoramas of the courtyard of the mosque.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://hansmast.com/2008/06/syria-damascus-architecture-of-the-umayyad-mosque/&usg=ALkJrhgbo2-w7WPSEZat2gmlU2f_w9AiAA">Hans Mast</a> .</span></span> </div>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ryKgfPU2I/AAAAAAAAEuA/Z86INFNepL8/s1600/dusk-at-the-umayyad-mosque-damascus-syria-1.jpg"><br /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJoKJBI8I/AAAAAAAAEsw/7LK5-YQdPmY/s1600/DSC_5411+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110515662824386" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJoKJBI8I/AAAAAAAAEsw/7LK5-YQdPmY/s400/DSC_5411+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> The courtyard surrounding walls are decorated with mosaics, to which we will refer later.</span> <span class="notranslate"> In the center of the courtyard there are three small pavilions:</span> <br />
<ul>
<li> <span class="notranslate"> The Pavilion of the Treasury, of polygonal shape, decorated with beautiful mosaics and supported on Corinthian columns.</span> <span class="notranslate"> It was built to the east of the courtyard by the Caliph Al-Mahdi in 778, and it kept the Muslim state treasury.</span> </li>
</ul>
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJk8uoFfI/AAAAAAAAEr4/zMJAuGXkD4g/s1600/DSC_5398+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110460522862066" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJk8uoFfI/AAAAAAAAEr4/zMJAuGXkD4g/s400/DSC_5398+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<ul>
<li> <span class="notranslate"> Fountains Pavilion, used for ablutions, located at the center of the space.</span> It is c<span class="notranslate">overed with a wooden roof that is supported on arches.</span> </li>
</ul>
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJpVnwFAI/AAAAAAAAEtI/g6qBR257RPI/s1600/P6230825+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110535924388866" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJpVnwFAI/AAAAAAAAEtI/g6qBR257RPI/s400/P6230825+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<ul>
<li> <span class="notranslate"> Clocks Pavilion, covered by a dome, located west of the courtyard.</span> </li>
</ul>
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJpAI0nBI/AAAAAAAAEtA/Qkjgiwg0cGg/s1600/DSC_5407+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110530157517842" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJpAI0nBI/AAAAAAAAEtA/Qkjgiwg0cGg/s400/DSC_5407+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
Despite being a religious building, I was pleasantly surprised to see
several children playing and running around this space. It is
obvious that the solemnity of prayers goes hand in hand with many
aspects of daily life.</span> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">The interior</span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate">
The internal space is predominantly wide (136 x 38 m), unlike the Christian temples that at that time were oriented longitudinally to a focal point -the altar- (you can check, by way of comparison, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2009/12/monasterios-de-maalula-siria.html&usg=ALkJrhhP_ZlM4M8ney4ALECt154NAe8dtA">the Byzantine chapel of the monastery of St. Sergius in Maalula</a> , about 50 km from Damascus).</span> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> The room is divided into three naves parallel from south to north, the wooden ceiling rests on a double arches.</span> <br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJrsr-NII/AAAAAAAAEtw/-nYTVIwbZ_Y/s1600/DSC_5430+copy.jpg"><br /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ry4qmRyyI/AAAAAAAAEug/DprwynEdPpo/s1600/jIMG_0170_Enhancer-jIMG_0178_Enhancer.jpg"><br /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ryLwQjV5I/AAAAAAAAEuY/MxmP1NxVk3E/s1600/jIMG_0068-1-jIMG_0075-1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452436582632216466" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6ryLwQjV5I/AAAAAAAAEuY/MxmP1NxVk3E/s400/jIMG_0068-1-jIMG_0075-1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 137px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Panorama of the ship mosque.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://hansmast.com/2008/06/syria-damascus-architecture-of-the-umayyad-mosque/&usg=ALkJrhgbo2-w7WPSEZat2gmlU2f_w9AiAA">Hans Mast</a> .</span></span> </div>
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJrAVR7OI/AAAAAAAAEto/UvNiXJd1odc/s1600/DSC_5445+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110564569509090" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJrAVR7OI/AAAAAAAAEto/UvNiXJd1odc/s400/DSC_5445+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJjjISsdI/AAAAAAAAErg/Ucy1UKjPUko/s1600/DSC_5418+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110436471321042" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJjjISsdI/AAAAAAAAErg/Ucy1UKjPUko/s400/DSC_5418+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> As in the courtyard outside the upper arches are smaller than the lower ones.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The latter have Corinthian columns, probably from the ancient Roman temple.</span> <span class="notranslate"> There are 20 columns on each side of the nave.</span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJkNASODI/AAAAAAAAEro/JanQKFSjb4E/s1600/DSC_5416+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110447712024626" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJkNASODI/AAAAAAAAEro/JanQKFSjb4E/s400/DSC_5416+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 260px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
Towards the south is the mihrab, a sacred space oriented towards Mecca,
before which the Eagle Dome </span> it is placed, a circular cupola which rests on an
octagon located exactly in the center of the space.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJlrcG_8I/AAAAAAAAEsI/gyWKMyg7lwI/s1600/DSC_5509+copy.jpg"><br /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6sHbHKG_ZI/AAAAAAAAEvI/wEkk4gRcLOE/s1600/DSC_5428+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452459936221429138" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6sHbHKG_ZI/AAAAAAAAEvI/wEkk4gRcLOE/s400/DSC_5428+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 288px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJlrcG_8I/AAAAAAAAEsI/gyWKMyg7lwI/s1600/DSC_5509+copy.jpg"><br /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
In the center of the room there is a small green glass pavilion, which
contains an urn where the remains of St. John the Baptist are said to be kept.</span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJrsr-NII/AAAAAAAAEtw/-nYTVIwbZ_Y/s1600/DSC_5430+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110576475845762" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJrsr-NII/AAAAAAAAEtw/-nYTVIwbZ_Y/s400/DSC_5430+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> Two striking aspects regarding its use: first, the gender segregation, thus men and women enter to different areas.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Secondly, that in addition to praying
the faithful will talk, relax or even sleep in the mosque, escaping the summer
heat.</span> <br />
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<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">CONSTRUCTION</span></span> <br />
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<span class="notranslate">
The construction of the mosque was carried out between 706 and 715,
with the help of thousands of Coptic, Persian, Indian
and Byzantine </span>artisans<span class="notranslate">.</span><span class="notranslate"> Some of the old Roman temple remains were reused in the process</span><span class="notranslate">.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Some of the materials used for coating were marble and mosaic mixed with crystals and silver and gold foils.</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJqejUWkI/AAAAAAAAEtY/IJwxpA7kYs8/s1600/P6230798+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110555501582914" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJqejUWkI/AAAAAAAAEtY/IJwxpA7kYs8/s400/P6230798+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJpx1nmQI/AAAAAAAAEtQ/5xN8-hK1yUQ/s1600/P6230814+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110543498746114" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJpx1nmQI/AAAAAAAAEtQ/5xN8-hK1yUQ/s400/P6230814+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6sHophpIWI/AAAAAAAAEvQ/-cesHd4h9Ps/s1600/DSC_5423+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452460168785240418" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6sHophpIWI/AAAAAAAAEvQ/-cesHd4h9Ps/s400/DSC_5423+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">Because I</span>slam forbids animal or human representations, t<span class="notranslate">he colorful mosaics that cover the walls of the courtyard </span>represent<span class="notranslate"> geometric and
plant motifs.</span> <span class="notranslate">
The mosque used to have the largest gold mosaic in the world, covering about
4000 square meters, but unfortunately it was damaged after a fire in 1893.</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJq5gc9eI/AAAAAAAAEtg/ljZgOXm6LIE/s1600/DSC_5455+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110562737321442" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJq5gc9eI/AAAAAAAAEtg/ljZgOXm6LIE/s400/DSC_5455+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">LEGACY</span></span> <br />
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<span class="notranslate"> The conception of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus influenced several subsequent mosques in the Islamic world.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Many of the elements used for the first time here became typical of
Muslim architecture as the minarets, the mascura (a special place for
the caliphs and imams during public prayers) and the horseshoe arch
(although some authors report that the origin of the horseshoe arches used in
the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/04/la-gran-mezquita-de-crdoba.html&usg=ALkJrhgr5e-ZOI9dTRK28SP9ouSabxK3Lw">Great Mosque of Cordoba</a> were of Visigothic influence)</span> <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6sHpO7HLzI/AAAAAAAAEvY/55RxijzImKk/s1600/DSC_5425+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452460178824179506" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6sHpO7HLzI/AAAAAAAAEvY/55RxijzImKk/s400/DSC_5425+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Mascura</span> (a kind of pulpit) beside the <span style="font-style: italic;">mihrab,</span> the Mecca-oriented point.</span></span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJovg0YqI/AAAAAAAAEs4/GmqbUvNNUTY/s1600/P6230872+copy2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110525694763682" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJovg0YqI/AAAAAAAAEs4/GmqbUvNNUTY/s400/P6230872+copy2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> The following video includes more views of the Great Mosque of Damascus</span> <br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/eZOdY6naecs" width="420"></iframe>
<br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span>
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span></span></span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">- <span style="font-style: italic;">ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE</span></span></span></span></span> <span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span></span> <br />
<ul>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/10/the-great-mosque-of-cordoba.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain,</a></li>
</ul>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJny6POVI/AAAAAAAAEso/nPRZWBdBXNs/s1600/DSC_5467+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5452110509426817362" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S6nJny6POVI/AAAAAAAAEso/nPRZWBdBXNs/s400/DSC_5467+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 288px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div>
Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-51349540554850940292013-07-09T13:27:00.000+09:002014-11-12T11:17:20.849+09:00SURREY CENTRAL LIBRARY, CANADA.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OR2trkhQw94/UcO1osIMYdI/AAAAAAAATiE/J1BU8YYhQ1I/s1600/DSC_0008+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OR2trkhQw94/UcO1osIMYdI/AAAAAAAATiE/J1BU8YYhQ1I/s400/DSC_0008+copy.jpg" height="245" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2013/06/la-biblioteca-central-de-surrey.html">ESPAÑOL</a></span></div>
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<span class="notranslate">In recent times libraries are no longer conceived as simple facilities for storing books but they also fulfill a social role, enhancing the community relations.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Such is the case of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2008/12/la-biblioteca-peckham-y-su-rol-social.html&usg=ALkJrhhFs8Dqnh3bWQK0pcD9UjIlluOwtA">Peckham Library in London</a> , the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2008/05/toyo-ito-mediateca-de-sendai.html&usg=ALkJrhhPxdlDzSWuS6DVTGtHCldzUP-J3w">Sendai Mediatheque by Toyo Ito</a> and the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2010/02/koolhaas-y-oma-biblioteca-de-seattle.html&usg=ALkJrhiPxwyEIFWugRcwx-RY82BdXzrK_g">Seattle Central Library, a project by OMA</a>.</span> <span class="notranslate"> In this post we will discuss some features of the new <b>Surrey Library,</b> designed as a space for research and as well as for social interaction.</span> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z9unhi4imOA/UcGu6p0yKoI/AAAAAAAATes/o2ksfaZhB7U/s1600/DSC_0037+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z9unhi4imOA/UcGu6p0yKoI/AAAAAAAATes/o2ksfaZhB7U/s400/DSC_0037+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Surrey is the second largest city in the Metro Vancouver conglomerate.</span> <span class="notranslate"> With its 460,000 inhabitants, it has been long overdue in its economic development.</span> <span class="notranslate">
However, this situation is trying to be reversed through the development of
mega-projects that seek to revitalize the downtown area as well as improve the quality of life of its
inhabitants.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VxmStny9mrw/UcOx-cOwK-I/AAAAAAAAThg/wLz-xX2zL3E/s1600/google.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VxmStny9mrw/UcOx-cOwK-I/AAAAAAAAThg/wLz-xX2zL3E/s400/google.jpg" height="242" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/ms?msid=212979602115923110569.00046250ac1738f6760ea&msa=0&ll=49.190756,-122.848048&spn=0.004165,0.012274">See location on Google Maps.</a></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> The flagship of this development is the new </span><span class="notranslate">Surrey City Centre Library, designed by <a href="http://www.bingthomarchitects.com/">Bing Thom Architects</a>, who</span> a decade ago had already carried out another successful project in
the vicinity, named Central City, a vibrant mix use facility that combines public
space, a university and a shopping center.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--d4N1EQz3Pc/UcOx_Cu8kQI/AAAAAAAATho/REpRvSSTWDo/s1600/mm+-+Surrey+City+Centre+Library+design+by+Bing+Thom+Architects+03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--d4N1EQz3Pc/UcOx_Cu8kQI/AAAAAAAATho/REpRvSSTWDo/s400/mm+-+Surrey+City+Centre+Library+design+by+Bing+Thom+Architects+03.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> The library has an iconic profile and its sloping walls express the dynamism which also characterizes the interior space.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Capitalizing on the complicated geometry of the plot, this </span>building of sloping walls,
pronounced keel and large bluish windows resembles a ship.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-g6kOfh-l8c4/UcOx8GwzCkI/AAAAAAAAThM/uWZVTrfPyrw/s1600/Surrey-City-Centre-Library-Bing-Thom-Architects-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-g6kOfh-l8c4/UcOx8GwzCkI/AAAAAAAAThM/uWZVTrfPyrw/s400/Surrey-City-Centre-Library-Bing-Thom-Architects-1.jpg" height="400" width="266" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://www.evolo.us/architecture/new-surrey-city-centre-library-bing-thom-architects/&usg=ALkJrhjTI1k4pAhNMjjINNvq-ozxyj1CJw#"> <span style="font-size: xx-small;">Photo courtesy of eVolo</span></a></span><br />
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<i>"</i><i>The building design evolved out of the need to provide a space for reading, studying, and above all, gathering as a community"</i></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lll6Xy0PINw/UcPAwSX1OsI/AAAAAAAATic/b662KG4Vud4/s1600/Untitled_Panorama1+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lll6Xy0PINw/UcPAwSX1OsI/AAAAAAAATic/b662KG4Vud4/s400/Untitled_Panorama1+copy.jpg" height="150" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> But how to understand a library function nowadays?</span> <span class="notranslate">
Given the versatility of today's electronic media, the book as an object is giving up its
importance as the core element of the library.</span> <span class="notranslate">
By contrast, the books now share their protagonism with their readers, who </span>also establish communication and carry out discussions between
them.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SAirdenMORM/UcGu8SiAxtI/AAAAAAAATfI/geW9-Ma3PqE/s1600/DSC_0072+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SAirdenMORM/UcGu8SiAxtI/AAAAAAAATfI/geW9-Ma3PqE/s400/DSC_0072+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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For this reason the building includes, aside of 100,000 volumes, several areas for </span>assembly of up to 1<span class="notranslate">20 people, a learning center, collective and
individual </span> reading areas<span class="notranslate">, computer classrooms, a meditation room, a teen room and
children's play areas.</span> <span class="notranslate"> In addition, the spaces are </span>flexibly organized and they successfully have housed social events for the community.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bXMyYm0n3TQ/UcOx6GSlNtI/AAAAAAAATg4/CXKq088igvo/s1600/0+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bXMyYm0n3TQ/UcOx6GSlNtI/AAAAAAAATg4/CXKq088igvo/s400/0+copy.jpg" height="260" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Basement and first level</span> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1kJ2w4f9TQ0/UcOx6ET-AEI/AAAAAAAATg0/joYXUMNIHds/s1600/2+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1kJ2w4f9TQ0/UcOx6ET-AEI/AAAAAAAATg0/joYXUMNIHds/s400/2+copy.jpg" height="258" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Second and third level</span> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U4XGOSZXoO8/UcOx6XPEVAI/AAAAAAAATg8/Bnu-rEtI4v0/s1600/4+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U4XGOSZXoO8/UcOx6XPEVAI/AAAAAAAATg8/Bnu-rEtI4v0/s400/4+copy.jpg" height="258" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Fourth level and roof plan.</span> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Cmd2JercKs0/UcOx-y4R1hI/AAAAAAAAThk/E6e3qBGO9r4/s1600/section+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Cmd2JercKs0/UcOx-y4R1hI/AAAAAAAAThk/E6e3qBGO9r4/s400/section+1.jpg" height="400" width="297" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Sections.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Images courtesy of Bing Thom Architects.</span> </div>
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This idea has led to conceive the library on the
basis of two types of interrelated spaces: the more public areas, which form a
large plaza, amphitheater and terraces where the community can
socialize and interact; and those more private ones, containing collections
of books and more intimate spaces for research and study.</span> <br />
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<span class="notranslate"> This duality of spaces is further characterized by the type of lighting.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The large central courtyard is lit by large windows which establish an open dialogue with the outside.</span> <span class="notranslate">
The terraces and parapets incorporate dynamism into space and
promote, at the same time, visual integration between the various levels
of the library.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uGOqaPl709U/UcGu_U5rhtI/AAAAAAAATf0/3rtPE4KEumY/s1600/DSC_0083+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uGOqaPl709U/UcGu_U5rhtI/AAAAAAAATf0/3rtPE4KEumY/s400/DSC_0083+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> A small amphitheater accompanying the stair was finished in simple materials such as exposed concrete and wood.</span> <span class="notranslate"> This space brings together the community to medium-sized social activities, or functions just a place to sit and read together.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4OsY4EO8UXY/UcGvART6wUI/AAAAAAAATgE/aplP51c5jh4/s1600/DSC_0092+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4OsY4EO8UXY/UcGvART6wUI/AAAAAAAATgE/aplP51c5jh4/s400/DSC_0092+copy.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="font-size: x-small;"> Views and detail of the amphitheater, which brings together the community for social activities</span> </div>
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> This space is crowned by a trapezoidal skylight.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Interestingly, it is not a typical open skylight, but rather a sort of
ring around a trapeze, which allows a diffuse </span>control of natural<span class="notranslate"> lighting.</span> <span class="notranslate">
This detail provides technical and structural challenges, in order to
sustain this great trapeze that seems to be floating, surrounded by a
transparent aura.</span><br />
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<span class="notranslate">
Another challenge was the construction of the walls, which describe a
curved path while being inclined outwards, thus expressing dynamism as well as providing shadow outside.</span> <br />
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<span class="notranslate">
Despite its complexity, a computerized study allowed efficiently calculate the structure. Also, by means of a special type of concrete a
fine finish was achieved, without the need of coating.</span> <span class="notranslate"> These features have allowed the library to qualify as LEED "green" building.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M5LIU1kK_C4/UcO1oaYY3YI/AAAAAAAATiI/AcCGEn23ewY/s1600/DSC_0071+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M5LIU1kK_C4/UcO1oaYY3YI/AAAAAAAATiI/AcCGEn23ewY/s400/DSC_0071+copy.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
The designers involved the community not only as the final users of the
building but as actors that participated in the design process,
through the use of social networks and collective workshops. The architects have even
teamed up with high school students in order to create and discuss some of the
furniture inside.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z9Zhx_5UTwI/UcOx8ETtE3I/AAAAAAAAThQ/EYyiuvkkT9c/s1600/Surrey-City-Centre-Library-Bing-Thom-Architects-6.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z9Zhx_5UTwI/UcOx8ETtE3I/AAAAAAAAThQ/EYyiuvkkT9c/s400/Surrey-City-Centre-Library-Bing-Thom-Architects-6.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
The library is part of a larger urban area that is currently under
construction and we hope to share with you in the future when finished.</span> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 'lucida grande'; font-size: 17px;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: 'lucida grande'; font-size: 17px;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"></span><span class="notranslate" style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 'lucida grande'; font-size: 14px;">- LIBRARIES</span></span></span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: 'lucida grande'; font-size: 17px;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"></span><br />
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/tadao-ando-national-library-of.html" style="color: #772315; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;">National Library of Children's Literature. Tokyo, Japan. Tadao Ando (2002)</a></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2013/06/koolhaas-oma-seattle-library.html">Seattle Central Library. Rem Koolhaas & OMA</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2010/09/toyo-ito-sendai-mediatheque.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Sendai Mediatheque, Sendai, Japan. Toyo Ito (2001)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/toyo-ito-tama-art-university-library.html" style="color: #772315; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;">Tama Art University Library, Tokyo, Japan. Toyo Ito (2007)</a></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com30tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-24301305588502308742013-06-17T15:15:00.001+09:002013-06-17T15:16:39.352+09:00KOOLHAAS & OMA: SEATTLE LIBRARY<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qqFkJP76I/AAAAAAAAD2k/SZ7VuY4ewh8/s1600-h/seattle-public-library.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434342912954462114" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qqFkJP76I/AAAAAAAAD2k/SZ7VuY4ewh8/s400/seattle-public-library.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 309px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2010/02/koolhaas-y-oma-biblioteca-de-seattle.html"><b>ESPAÑOL</b></a><br />
<span class="notranslate"><br />
</span></div>
<div>
<span class="notranslate">The Seattle Central Library -designed by Rem Koolhaas and Joshua
Prince-Ramus, members of the Dutch Office of Metropolitan Architecture (OMA), in
conjunction with the Seattle firm LMN Architects- is certainly one of
the most influential public buildings today.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Controversial, as many of the works by Koolhaas, it attracts followers
and detractors; however, with more than 2 million visitors per year and the
huge catalyst effect in the revitalization of the urban environment, no one questions its social success.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkwFLQxMI/AAAAAAAADN0/9ycXPmsa5fQ/s1600-h/DSC_1211+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274315888608450" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkwFLQxMI/AAAAAAAADN0/9ycXPmsa5fQ/s400/DSC_1211+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
Its angular and provocative style and its exposed structure forming a
diamond pattern, strongly evoked some of Koolhaas' other works, such as the <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2008/06/rem-koolhaas-edificio-cctv-beijing.html">CCTV building in Beijing</a> or the <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2009/02/koolhaas-casa-da-musica-oporto.html">Casa da Musica in Porto</a> .</span> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkxynYY_I/AAAAAAAADOk/BGu7JNoD4wo/s1600-h/DSC_1183+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274345266013170" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkxynYY_I/AAAAAAAADOk/BGu7JNoD4wo/s400/DSC_1183+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span class="notranslate"> BACKGROUND</span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Andrew Carnegie, the steel magnate who built libraries across the U.S.</span> <span class="notranslate"> sponsored in 1906 the construction of the Seattle Carnegie Library, made in neoclassical style in a plot located on the Fourth Avenue.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qtjTrgsOI/AAAAAAAAD3w/CHvfN16GadA/s1600-h/714px-Seattle_-_Carnegie_Library_01.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434346722465722594" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qtjTrgsOI/AAAAAAAAD3w/CHvfN16GadA/s400/714px-Seattle_-_Carnegie_Library_01.jpg" style="display: block; height: 336px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
Over the years it became necessary to have an extension, so that in 1960 a 5-story building was erected in modern international style, designed by Bindon
& Wright, replacing the old library.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Again, the demand exceeded the capacity of the library, coupled by the scarcity of parking areas and the seismic risk, which determined the need of constructing of a </span>new library in the late 90s.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWdkZxcmI/AAAAAAAADFk/O2c5d17hz70/s1600-h/OLD.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424047498458133090" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWdkZxcmI/AAAAAAAADFk/O2c5d17hz70/s400/OLD.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 229px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">CONCEPTION</span></span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qqnJhdpoI/AAAAAAAAD2s/AMe-F5FjSkE/s1600-h/google1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434343489923819138" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qqnJhdpoI/AAAAAAAAD2s/AMe-F5FjSkE/s400/google1.jpg" style="display: block; height: 249px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qqnYENXiI/AAAAAAAAD20/ADQcsBABxqo/s1600-h/google2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434343493827649058" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qqnYENXiI/AAAAAAAAD20/ADQcsBABxqo/s400/google2.jpg" style="display: block; height: 245px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qqnuEuOiI/AAAAAAAAD28/MmXYK6MyvDk/s1600-h/google3.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434343499735382562" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qqnuEuOiI/AAAAAAAAD28/MmXYK6MyvDk/s400/google3.jpg" style="display: block; height: 244px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> Joshua Prince-Ramus highlights three key ideas in the design of the project:</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
a) A hyper-rational process of design, in which rational ideas acquire an
independent logic and result in images that seem irrational (at first
glance the </span>library seems product of a designer's whim rather than an analytical process).<br />
<span class="notranslate">
b) A team work in the design process, leaving aside the image of the
architect-genius, but an interactive work between several members of the
office.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qfU-4fraI/AAAAAAAAD2c/iNRPlwlNiws/s1600-h/Rem_Koolhaas_SCL.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434331083202080162" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qfU-4fraI/AAAAAAAAD2c/iNRPlwlNiws/s400/Rem_Koolhaas_SCL.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
c) Confronting the traditional view of flexibility in modern architecture which, according to him, makes spaces more </span>generic<span class="notranslate"> where almost anything can happen
within them, but in practice they are filled by the most immediate need,
which ends imposing itself to other activities.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Instead, he proposed the "compartmentalized </span>flexibility", which
identifies a number of places that, even if an activity is prominent, it can be ensured a spectrum of multiple functions.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkw7nnWxI/AAAAAAAADOE/z0Ct5bpkOMA/s1600-h/DSC_1200+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274330503043858" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkw7nnWxI/AAAAAAAADOE/z0Ct5bpkOMA/s400/DSC_1200+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkwXu_H3I/AAAAAAAADN8/tQFxu9eFUrs/s1600-h/DSC_1203+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274320870285170" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkwXu_H3I/AAAAAAAADN8/tQFxu9eFUrs/s400/DSC_1203+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
OMA </span>based its <span class="notranslate">design on the idea that books are the most important source
of information that people use in the library, without neglecting many other forms of technology that </span>are available <span class="notranslate">today by the user.</span> <span class="notranslate">
But perhaps the most revolutionary aspect was its idea that the library should also meet social roles (something to which librarians were reluctant at first).</span> <span class="notranslate">
OMA reorganized the program proposed by them in 5 platforms whose
function could be predicted to be stable in the future (administration,
books storage, meeting space, </span>information <span class="notranslate">and parking ).</span> <span class="notranslate"> On top of each platform four open spaces were </span>located , whose function could become more unstable.<br />
<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qfTvZCa6I/AAAAAAAAD18/5QlKxgM4HOI/s1600-h/diagrams_04_library_program.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434331061863738274" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qfTvZCa6I/AAAAAAAAD18/5QlKxgM4HOI/s400/diagrams_04_library_program.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 256px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qfSm_haNI/AAAAAAAAD1s/r52OYy7nrK4/s1600-h/1376179271_spl-platform-diagram-rex-528x422.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434331042429364434" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qfSm_haNI/AAAAAAAAD1s/r52OYy7nrK4/s400/1376179271_spl-platform-diagram-rex-528x422.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 320px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
The conceptual model has these two types of spaces defined inside boxes, with
open spaces at the top and circulation systems linking the various
elements.</span> <span class="notranslate"> These boxes are moved in order to make better use of natural light and enjoy views of the city.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Since each of these platforms houses different functions, various </span>areas <span class="notranslate">were assigned to them.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Note the similarity with the diagram of the program with the actual section of the building.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate">
Subsequently these compartments were covered by a "skin" of glass
and metal structure providing shade or light according to the required
needs.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qfTJtq1sI/AAAAAAAAD10/_rzqfmCnJiU/s1600-h/2115514578_section-aa.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434331051749725890" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qfTJtq1sI/AAAAAAAAD10/_rzqfmCnJiU/s400/2115514578_section-aa.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 298px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
This was one of the things that I liked about the library, its visual
integration to the surrounding urban landscape and its
clear understanding of the interior spaces, that dramatizes the
tension between them.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Other contemporary libraries, such as the <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2010/09/toyo-ito-sendai-mediatheque.html">Sendai Mediatheque</a> and the <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/11/toyo-ito-tama-art-university-library.html">Tama Library</a> , both designed by Toyo Ito in Japan, have also chosen transparency and </span>a clear integration to the environment.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qvsd4AG-I/AAAAAAAAD34/xdqUZE5fC1Y/s1600-h/anttree.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434349078844546018" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qvsd4AG-I/AAAAAAAAD34/xdqUZE5fC1Y/s400/anttree.jpg" style="display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">DESIGN</span></span> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> The building contains 38,300 m2 of built area in 11 stories and a basement parking.</span> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate">
Something that is not very evident in the pictures is that there is a
pronounced topographical difference between the 4th and 5th Avenue, which can accommodate two
levels.</span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qfSFJf_qI/AAAAAAAAD1k/kJ8Xb6o980k/s1600-h/1019810603_south-elevation.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434331033344409250" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qfSFJf_qI/AAAAAAAAD1k/kJ8Xb6o980k/s400/1019810603_south-elevation.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 298px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
Especially in the front of the Fourth Avenue can be seen the imposing overhang, 14 m. long, generating a covered plaza, an effect
that somehow reminded me of that square generated in front of the <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2008/12/la-biblioteca-peckham-y-su-rol-social.html">Peckham Library in London</a> .</span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWcI9TxMI/AAAAAAAADE8/j0vc3OEcACs/s1600-h/1-3+piso.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424047473911121090" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWcI9TxMI/AAAAAAAADE8/j0vc3OEcACs/s400/1-3+piso.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 398px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
The lowest level, </span>to the southwest, which is accessed from the 4th Avenue, contains an auditorium, a language center and a Children's Center
whose decoration aims to "be appreciated by children, although it is
not condescending to them" (this allows a 11 years old child not to feel uncomfortable by sharing the same space with a 5 years old).<br />
<span class="notranslate"> The second level corresponds to the administration and it is practically not seen by the public.</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> The third level, which is reached from the 5th Avenue, is the reception area.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Outside, the skin of the facade is anchored to the floor forming a sort of entrance porch.</span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkximU-QI/AAAAAAAADOc/92MYU3tj_Zk/s1600-h/DSC_1194+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274340966627586" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkximU-QI/AAAAAAAADOc/92MYU3tj_Zk/s400/DSC_1194+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkpe5VSSI/AAAAAAAADLk/wlkNScg_ek4/s1600-h/DSC_1281+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274202533644578" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkpe5VSSI/AAAAAAAADLk/wlkNScg_ek4/s400/DSC_1281+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkpJbuN4I/AAAAAAAADLc/BMTVdbn5roU/s1600-h/DSC_1282+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274196772304770" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkpJbuN4I/AAAAAAAADLc/BMTVdbn5roU/s400/DSC_1282+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
<span class="notranslate">
Upon entering the building we were welcomed by a large square bathed in light,
adorned with fountains and gardens, providing a warm refuge from the
cold </span>climate in Seattle.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkpe5VSSI/AAAAAAAADLk/wlkNScg_ek4/s1600-h/DSC_1281+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274202533644578" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkpe5VSSI/AAAAAAAADLk/wlkNScg_ek4/s400/DSC_1281+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
The space becomes a large room where users can enjoy reading in a
comfortable chair, sipping a coffee (which is a local favorite... it is not by chance that this city is the birthplace of Starbucks Coffee).</span> <br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWcWAm7YI/AAAAAAAADFE/vHPJkd11GQo/s1600-h/4-9+piso.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424047477414620546" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWcWAm7YI/AAAAAAAADFE/vHPJkd11GQo/s400/4-9+piso.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> The fourth level contains meeting areas, arranged in more organic spaces which can accommodate up to 200 people.</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
The fifth floor houses the largest number of public computers, where users can get access to more specific research materials, for which there are several librarians
ready to help.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Spatially, it is located in the middle of the building, overlooking the square and allowing visual contact with the street and with the upper levels.</span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkrNG8s9I/AAAAAAAADMM/a_2z6-ft_Xs/s1600-h/DSC_1264+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274232118653906" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkrNG8s9I/AAAAAAAADMM/a_2z6-ft_Xs/s400/DSC_1264+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkqhypLnI/AAAAAAAADL8/TF1rsfMOaZU/s1600-h/DSC_1270+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274220490763890" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkqhypLnI/AAAAAAAADL8/TF1rsfMOaZU/s400/DSC_1270+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkqPM9qxI/AAAAAAAADL0/dqxeQEtVrvk/s1600-h/DSC_1271+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274215500884754" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkqPM9qxI/AAAAAAAADL0/dqxeQEtVrvk/s400/DSC_1271+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> From the sixth to the ninth level lies one of the most innovative areas of the building: the spiral of books.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Contrary to the classic horizontal library, the shelves are organized
in large sloped platforms, which run continuously through ramps (a
"cheap parking for books," says Joshua Prince-Ramus).</span> <span class="notranslate"> Reading rooms, which for reasons of function have to be horizontal, are placed staggered along the ramps.</span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWcuuf1II/AAAAAAAADFM/RnnzyjM9yrw/s1600-h/10-11+piso.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424047484049544322" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWcuuf1II/AAAAAAAADFM/RnnzyjM9yrw/s400/10-11+piso.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 304px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bksLvwe_I/AAAAAAAADMk/RbElHEJMajk/s1600-h/DSC_1257+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274248932817906" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bksLvwe_I/AAAAAAAADMk/RbElHEJMajk/s400/DSC_1257+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkrzOhVZI/AAAAAAAADMc/Z7dQ9qyLLAY/s1600-h/DSC_1259+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274242350962066" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkrzOhVZI/AAAAAAAADMc/Z7dQ9qyLLAY/s400/DSC_1259+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 301px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> The tenth floor, which is the highest level that can be accessed by the public, is the </span>reading <span class="notranslate">area.</span> <span class="notranslate"> From here stunning views of the city can be enjoyed, particularly to the Elliott Bay.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Here is also a small balcony at the end of a corridor which, according to Joshua
Prince-Ramus "it was designed it in order to ask my wife to marry me... and she
accepted."</span> <span class="notranslate">
Actually this small space is a viewpoint to appreciate the spatial richness of the
building and its wrapping glass and steel skin.</span> <span class="notranslate">
I think the designers created this small balcony just for us architects to enjoy this remarkable space.</span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5434350794738326738" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S2qxQWE9XNI/AAAAAAAAD4A/405cUO0IT5A/s400/kattya-1.jpg" style="display: block; height: 397px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of Katya Palladina</span></span> </div>
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">STRUCTURAL DESIGN</span></span> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate">
The building represented a particular challenge, as the region is prone
to earthquakes and strong winds, and the shape of the building has
large overhangs that give it a light appearance, but require a special
structural design.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The structural solution is based on a solid concrete </span>core holding <span class="notranslate">cantilever slabs (a solution also <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2009/09/las-torres-de-doha.html">frequently applied in skyscrapers</a> ).</span> <span class="notranslate"> This solution allows to minimize the number of columns needed inside the space.</span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWdEaXpUI/AAAAAAAADFU/wsY_4_vq_7U/s1600-h/ESTRUCTURAS1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424047489870701890" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWdEaXpUI/AAAAAAAADFU/wsY_4_vq_7U/s400/ESTRUCTURAS1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 399px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> In addition, vertical and inclined columns and trusses were created.</span> <span class="notranslate">
The floors that make up the Spiral of Books and Reading Room (6-10 stories) use leaning columns in order to transfer the weight of the upper floors.</span> <br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWdUIBtjI/AAAAAAAADFc/kBRyXRs1fHw/s1600-h/ESTRUCTURAS2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424047494088734258" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YWdUIBtjI/AAAAAAAADFc/kBRyXRs1fHw/s400/ESTRUCTURAS2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 258px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bktYDaF5I/AAAAAAAADM0/l3xKhZv25jY/s1600-h/DSC_1250+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274269416331154" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bktYDaF5I/AAAAAAAADM0/l3xKhZv25jY/s400/DSC_1250+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
Finally, the wrapping diamond shaped </span>grid serves as a structural clamping element. It contains a glass coating which has a thin metal layer
that allows transparent views only from the inside.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YV6peRKsI/AAAAAAAADE0/g2y8C5MYcOo/s1600-h/scan0005+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424046898523744962" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YV6peRKsI/AAAAAAAADE0/g2y8C5MYcOo/s400/scan0005+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 381px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> A external steel grid is superimposed to an aluminum inner grid to hold the glass, both painted light blue.</span> <span class="notranslate"> I must say, however, that the finishing is a bit rough.</span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkuYl62uI/AAAAAAAADNM/dtZZ1Li-_SM/s1600-h/DSC_1233+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274286740953826" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkuYl62uI/AAAAAAAADNM/dtZZ1Li-_SM/s400/DSC_1233+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">ART AND DECORATION.</span></span> <br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate">Bright orange stairs, yellow escalators, colored carpets and a light blue grid </span>show Koolhaas' predilection for color.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bknyosSeI/AAAAAAAADK8/gS0hQnQk-2M/s1600-h/PC290441.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274173472819682" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bknyosSeI/AAAAAAAADK8/gS0hQnQk-2M/s400/PC290441.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
Additionally, there are works of art such as that of Ann Hamilton, who designed a </span>670 m2 carved wooden floor containing phrases written in 11 different languages, which
suggests a "tactile experience of the book in the digital age".<br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> It is also fun, going down the escalator, to find some "Talking </span>Egg Heads" called "Braincasts", made by artist Tony Oursler.<br />
<span class="notranslate">
Outside, the Tsutakawa fountain, also called "The Power of Wisdom" was
sculpted in bronze by noted local artist George Tsutakawa.</span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkvqQE66I/AAAAAAAADNs/juuilgU50b0/s1600-h/DSC_1218+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274308661046178" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkvqQE66I/AAAAAAAADNs/juuilgU50b0/s400/DSC_1218+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 301px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YV5PxGOwI/AAAAAAAADEk/iYSpGW8GZBA/s1600-h/scan0003.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424046874443528962" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0YV5PxGOwI/AAAAAAAADEk/iYSpGW8GZBA/s400/scan0003.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 262px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkp63aeaI/AAAAAAAADLs/MxAmnk3hwYg/s1600-h/DSC_1278+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274210041788834" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkp63aeaI/AAAAAAAADLs/MxAmnk3hwYg/s400/DSC_1278+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate"> ****</span> </div>
<br />
<span class="notranslate">
Despite some criticism due to the way </span>Koolhaas and OMA perceive architecture, different than traditional approaches<span class="notranslate">, it is clear that the library in Seattle is a
social success.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Our visit occurred during a week day and we found the library was full of people. I was pleased to find users of all ages and social groups (including many homeless who frequent the library on cold days).</span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bknKFsMCI/AAAAAAAADKs/TsdAXe7HZus/s1600-h/PC290452.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274162588594210" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bknKFsMCI/AAAAAAAADKs/TsdAXe7HZus/s400/PC290452.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: lucida grande; font-size: 130%;"><br /></span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: lucida grande; font-size: 130%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span> <span style="font-family: lucida grande; font-size: 130%;"><br /></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: lucida grande; font-size: 130%;">- LIBRARIES</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: lucida grande; font-size: 130%;"><br /></span></span> <br />
<ul>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/tadao-ando-national-library-of.html" style="color: #772315; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;">National Library of Children's Literature. Tokyo, Japan. Tadao Ando (2002)</a></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2010/09/toyo-ito-sendai-mediatheque.html">Sendai Mediatheque, Sendai, Japan. Toyo Ito (2001)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/toyo-ito-tama-art-university-library.html" style="color: #772315; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;">Tama Art University Library, Tokyo, Japan. Toyo Ito (2007)</a></span></li>
</ul>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkq30WyBI/AAAAAAAADME/f8ArJQ0cvSo/s1600-h/DSC_1268+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424274226403526674" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S0bkq30WyBI/AAAAAAAADME/f8ArJQ0cvSo/s400/DSC_1268+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div>
</div>
Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-3287192360959185312013-06-11T11:20:00.000+09:002013-06-11T11:21:25.855+09:00ALVAAR ALTO: SAVOY RESTAURANT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJlz2hjnI/AAAAAAAAC3E/nWSZnF9mAcw/s1600-h/Aalto-vase3-cut.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866752905055858" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJlz2hjnI/AAAAAAAAC3E/nWSZnF9mAcw/s400/Aalto-vase3-cut.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 363px;" /></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://www.epdlp.com/arquitecto.php%3Fid%3D1&usg=ALkJrhhgfmRMD71vc5IZACxQ4Z6EFAnNLA"> </a><br />
<div>
<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2009/12/alvar-aalto-restaurante-savoy.html">ESPAÑOL</a></span></span><br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Alvar Aalto</span>, a Finnish architect sometimes called the "father of modern
architecture", is renowned for the quality of its architecture, inserted
within the Modernist Movement but full of warmth, superb handling of scale and
the materials and respect for the surrounding co</span><span class="notranslate">ntext .</span> <span class="notranslate"> Among his best known works are the <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2010/01/alvar-aalto-libreria-academica.html">Academic Bookstore</a>, the <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2011/03/alvar-aalto-finlandia-hall.html">Finlandia Hall</a>, the <a href="http://www.epdlp.com/edificio.php?id=3">Finnish Pavilion for the Paris Exposition of 1937</a> or the <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2010/09/alvar-aalto-ayuntamiento-de-saynatsalo.html">City Hall of Saynastalo</a> .</span><br />
<br />
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<span class="notranslate">Less known is, however, his works as interior and furniture </span>designer<span class="notranslate">.</span> <span class="notranslate"> This post focuses precisely on the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Savoy Restaurant in Helsinki,</span> which still retain some of his original designs.</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJml_xKcI/AAAAAAAAC3U/gFGdTmdOTJA/s1600-h/historia.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866766365600194" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJml_xKcI/AAAAAAAAC3U/gFGdTmdOTJA/s400/historia.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 223px;" /></a> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 85%;">View from the old terrace, before being covered with glass, for obvious climatic reasons ( Helsinki is at latitude 60)</span></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate"> Opened in 1937, the Savoy is a luxury restaurant located at the top of the <em>Industrial</em> building, which was not designed by Aalto.</span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJmZ0PXqI/AAAAAAAAC3M/TeX8CQ0yFf4/s1600-h/google2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866763096022690" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJmZ0PXqI/AAAAAAAAC3M/TeX8CQ0yFf4/s400/google2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 208px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJiZ7j-iI/AAAAAAAAC1k/GhwH6Lxi8jo/s1600-h/savoy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866694407256610" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJiZ7j-iI/AAAAAAAAC1k/GhwH6Lxi8jo/s400/savoy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 203px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> It consists of two areas, one indoor area and the terrace overlooking the Esplanadi Park, one of the most important public spaces of Helsinki.</span> <span class="notranslate"> In addition, there are some exclusive banqueting cabinets.</span> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJlg18HxI/AAAAAAAAC20/_aR5W8ofwFI/s1600-h/372.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866747802328850" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJlg18HxI/AAAAAAAAC20/_aR5W8ofwFI/s400/372.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Lobby at the restaurant entrance.</span></span> </div>
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Originally the restaurant interior was designed by Alvar Aalto and his
wife Aino, in collaboration with textile artist Dora Jung.</span> <span class="notranslate"> The construction was carried out by Artek Oy.</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"><br /></span>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJj9jTg8I/AAAAAAAAC2M/j-9dQaTAy9g/s1600-h/360.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866721149060034" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJj9jTg8I/AAAAAAAAC2M/j-9dQaTAy9g/s400/360.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJk1LoOZI/AAAAAAAAC2s/MoPHF510-sU/s1600-h/370.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866736082139538" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJk1LoOZI/AAAAAAAAC2s/MoPHF510-sU/s400/370.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJkFkoaXI/AAAAAAAAC2U/pHgndbpWhUg/s1600-h/361.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866723302107506" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJkFkoaXI/AAAAAAAAC2U/pHgndbpWhUg/s400/361.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 254px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Views and details of the living room</span></span> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJjJY6XYI/AAAAAAAAC18/DRmjcRRI7EQ/s1600-h/357.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866707146825090" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJjJY6XYI/AAAAAAAAC18/DRmjcRRI7EQ/s400/357.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 85%;">View to the terrace</span></span> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJhtrZQ8I/AAAAAAAAC1U/D2OCMqh5Hys/s1600-h/jaana+mari.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866682528285634" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJhtrZQ8I/AAAAAAAAC1U/D2OCMqh5Hys/s400/jaana+mari.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 267px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJiNDictI/AAAAAAAAC1c/gxOV-KrOFuQ/s1600-h/pabellon.jpg"></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Esplanade Park View from the terrace.</span></span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
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<span class="notranslate">
Despite being a luxury restaurant, Aalto rejects the glitz and instead he choose
simple , austere, minimalist style, creating a warm and intimate atmosphere of elegant proportions.</span> <span class="notranslate"> Among the designed elements </span>are the club chairs by Aino Aalto and the luminaires by Alvar Aalto.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJjvTSpPI/AAAAAAAAC2E/xr7sZKIcGzM/s1600-h/359.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866717323797746" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJjvTSpPI/AAAAAAAAC2E/xr7sZKIcGzM/s400/359.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJi6-2-lI/AAAAAAAAC10/U5_Q02bcs0Y/s1600-h/354.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866703279454802" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJi6-2-lI/AAAAAAAAC10/U5_Q02bcs0Y/s400/354.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Detail of the luminaires</span></span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
<br />
<span class="notranslate"> The restaurant also contains a display </span>of the famous <em>Savoy vase,</em>
designed in 1936, which consists of a hyperbolic curve surface which folds
sinuously along two similar curvatures of different radii.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/SzrpgLmuDlI/AAAAAAAAOno/mBV8h8MA0co/s1600-h/374.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420901840574090834" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/SzrpgLmuDlI/AAAAAAAAOno/mBV8h8MA0co/s400/374.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 164px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> The design, as Aalto was inspired by the </span>Finnish Eskimos <span class="notranslate">girls' breeches.</span> <span class="notranslate">In the words of Professor Jan Michl, "<i>it represents the qualities of the
quintessential Finnish design: originality, openness and aesthetic
sophistication</i>."</span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJilh7t0I/AAAAAAAAC1s/TTsKjw9ogNI/s1600-h/352.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866697520985922" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJilh7t0I/AAAAAAAAC1s/TTsKjw9ogNI/s400/352.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 216px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> The Savoy vases were placed on each table and allowed the flowers to be arranged in different ways.</span> <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/SzrpgcqwAjI/AAAAAAAAOnw/KnDAOdcaeOE/s1600-h/pawelek.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420901845154398770" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/SzrpgcqwAjI/AAAAAAAAOnw/KnDAOdcaeOE/s400/pawelek.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="notranslate">
Despite its name, the vases were not made exclusively for the
restaurant, but were part of a collection for Karhula and Iittala factory
for the Paris International Exposition in 1937.</span> <span class="notranslate"> In fact, the shape of the vase is similar to Aalto's Finnish Pavilion built for </span>that Expo.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJiNDictI/AAAAAAAAC1c/gxOV-KrOFuQ/s1600-h/pabellon.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866690951049938" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJiNDictI/AAAAAAAAC1c/gxOV-KrOFuQ/s400/pabellon.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 341px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span class="notranslate" style="text-align: center;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="notranslate" style="text-align: center;"><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Finland Pavilion, by Alvar Aalto.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Paris Exposition, 1937</span></span></span></div>
<br />
<span class="notranslate" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="notranslate"> Since the first vases were made using wooden molds, their surfaces were slightly more textured than they are today.</span> <span class="notranslate"> A curious fact is that originally, after the </span>glass hardened, the wooden mold was burned in order to release the vase.<br />
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<span class="notranslate"> Currently the Savoy vase rights have been acquired by the restaurant, and it is now called <span style="font-style: italic;">Aalto Vase.</span></span> <br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJkvU9cEI/AAAAAAAAC2k/dP624-ivDcQ/s1600-h/368C.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866734510665794" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJkvU9cEI/AAAAAAAAC2k/dP624-ivDcQ/s400/368C.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 301px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Left: detail of the floor.</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Right: the restaurant was so expensive that we could only afford to eat a dessert (it was such a treat!).</span></span> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">In the background you can see the Aalto vase, still used on each table.</span></span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
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<br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="font-family: lucida grande; font-size: 130%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span></span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">- INTERIOR DESIGN</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span> <br />
<ul>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/tadao-ando-hhstylecom-casa-limited.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">hhstyle.com/Casa/Limited, Tokyo, Japan. Tadao Ando (2005)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/peter-eisenman-in-tokyo.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Koizumi Lighting Theater, Tokyo, Japan. Peter Eisenman (1988-90)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2010/01/burj-al-arab-symbol-of-dubai.html">Restaurant at the Burj Al Arab, Dubai, UAE</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJlv_8nCI/AAAAAAAAC28/8HvojMZzV5Q/s1600-h/380.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866751870835746" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJlv_8nCI/AAAAAAAAC28/8HvojMZzV5Q/s400/380.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 264px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJkXbLufI/AAAAAAAAC2c/-MS8wrJuMjw/s1600-h/367.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420866728094317042" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SzrJkXbLufI/AAAAAAAAC2c/-MS8wrJuMjw/s400/367.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span class="notranslate"> <span style="font-size: 78%;">With Manu and Moumita, great friends and hosts with whom we ventured to explore a bit of architecture in Helsinki.</span></span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com24tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-91008455998522824772013-05-16T20:02:00.002+09:002013-05-16T20:04:14.132+09:00GERRIT RIETVELD: SCHRÖDER HOUSE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2012/11/gerrit-rietveld-casa-schroder.html">ESPAÑOL</a></b><br />
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Dutch architect Gerrit Rielvield's masterpiece, the Schröder house
(1924), stands as the most important example of Neoplasticist architecture. In 2000 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2008/11/ndice-temtico.html&usg=ALkJrhh9ejmnwci833YY0Pj4yGapfUQmjA#110">UNESCO</a>
included it in the World Heritage list because it was considered "<i>an icon of the Modern Movement in architecture and an outstanding expression of human creative genius in its purity of ideas and concepts as developed by the De Stijl movement</i>" and "<i>whose radical approach to design and the use of space, occupies a seminal position in the development of architecture in the modern age.</i>". </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I6mfiDpsKps/UJDbsyXOBZI/AAAAAAAAS0M/ZPP5t9yc5TQ/s1600/interior+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I6mfiDpsKps/UJDbsyXOBZI/AAAAAAAAS0M/ZPP5t9yc5TQ/s400/interior+2.jpg" width="388" /></a> </div>
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<b>BACKGROUND</b> <br />
Frits Schröder was a lawyer married to Truus Schröder, a pharmacist. They owned a building on Biltstraat Street in the quiet Dutch city of Utrecht. There Mr. Schröder allowed his wife to modify a room at will and for that purpose she commissioned the design to Gerrit Rietveld.
When Mrs. Truss Schröder widowed she decided to move to a new property, and given the successful design experience with Rietveld, she again gave him the commission of her new house in 1924, in which she wanted to express his vision of how a woman should live in a modern and independent way.
She actively participated in the design of the house and is furniture (this building is actually called the Rietvield Schröder House) and lived there for 60 years until her death in 1984.<br />
Rietvield, meanwhile, used the opportunity to use the concepts of the <b><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2013/04/rietveld-kurokawa-van-gogh-museum.html">De Stijl or Neoplasticism Movement</a></b>, which was based on the abstraction of all forms into orthogonal lines and planes, and all the chromatic palette into primary colors, white and black.<br />
Rietvield himself rented an office in the house until 1932, and after the death of his wife in 1958 he moved to this house, until he died in 1964
at the age of 76. <br />
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<b>LOCATION</b> <br />
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The Schröder Rietvield house is located in a suburb of the city of Utretcht, in the center of Holland.
This neighborhood is composed of brick neoclassical houses, to the point that
when I was walking down the Hendriklaan street looking for a symbol of the Modern Movement, the conservative style of the houses made me think that I was in the wrong place.<br />
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The home sits at the end of the street, facing a highway that crosses perpendicularly (which certainly did not exist when the house was built,
as it was constructed in the 60's. Previously there was a small forest to which the visuals of the social area were directed).
The house contrasts with its surroundings, both in form and in proportions and materials, and precisely the massiveness of the
surrounding brick houses highlights the lightness and transparency of
this house made of concrete, steel and glass.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ruAT--qpydg/UJeQuIH4DSI/AAAAAAAAPa4/LWmqqY3e4oQ/s1600/google.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ruAT--qpydg/UJeQuIH4DSI/AAAAAAAAPa4/LWmqqY3e4oQ/s400/google.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=212979602115923110569.00046250ac1738f6760ea&msa=0&ll=52.085496,5.147081&spn=0.000839,0.002642">See location on Google Maps</a> </div>
<br />
<b>CONCEPT</b> <br />
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The cubic volume of the building is broken, almost dematerialized and
reassembled into primary elements such as lines and planes, whose transparency exposes its interior. Balconies, terraces and metal columns intertwine trying to emphasize the immateriality of the volume. <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iMS5E8r5HHk/UJDbcQPXIMI/AAAAAAAASyc/hkyRpLyeq28/s1600/DSC_1733+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iMS5E8r5HHk/UJDbcQPXIMI/AAAAAAAASyc/hkyRpLyeq28/s400/DSC_1733+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The structure also frees the components of the building, separating the clearly expressing its function. <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-y1YOrf7j5LU/UJDbgAJBdJI/AAAAAAAASy0/rmrYHnKK-tg/s1600/DSC_1743+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="271" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-y1YOrf7j5LU/UJDbgAJBdJI/AAAAAAAASy0/rmrYHnKK-tg/s400/DSC_1743+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The planes, lines and colors of the facade and interior, painted in white,
black, red and yellow, evoke a Piet Mondrian composition. <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3Q_8WX9Cog8/UJDbuu13_tI/AAAAAAAAS0Y/Nmjciw9ReDw/s1600/mondrian8cc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="396" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3Q_8WX9Cog8/UJDbuu13_tI/AAAAAAAAS0Y/Nmjciw9ReDw/s400/mondrian8cc.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tNjS581Dpss/UJDbVcOWuXI/AAAAAAAASxg/32LUicjgPs8/s1600/DSC_1701+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tNjS581Dpss/UJDbVcOWuXI/AAAAAAAASxg/32LUicjgPs8/s400/DSC_1701+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nIJ_WuQSkH8/UJDbl1wUH0I/AAAAAAAASzY/MoXjPT8TVvM/s1600/Rietveld_Schroeder_Haus.crop1024x1025_02_e543f87bcb.preview.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nIJ_WuQSkH8/UJDbl1wUH0I/AAAAAAAASzY/MoXjPT8TVvM/s400/Rietveld_Schroeder_Haus.crop1024x1025_02_e543f87bcb.preview.jpg" width="398" /></a> </div>
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However, the greatest contribution of the house is its interior space,
both for its flow and its visual connection to the outside. The house consists of two levels, linked by a central spiral staircase. <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IVUDxx2P550/UJDbMIspSXI/AAAAAAAASwk/muD-8Z9QN4U/s1600/067-schroder-house-interior+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IVUDxx2P550/UJDbMIspSXI/AAAAAAAASwk/muD-8Z9QN4U/s400/067-schroder-house-interior+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The Rietveld house is noted for its flexibility, particularly in the second
level, where the rooms can be expanded or divided by deploying
panels, a concept that modern designers took from the <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2009/03/machiya-la-casa-japonesa.html">traditional Japanese architecture</a> . Its open plan contrasts with the closed layout of the houses of the time, composed of rigid rooms and spaces.
The multiplicity of functional options was a direct contribution
of Mrs. Schröder, who wanted a house that would offer different lifestyle alternatives.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8aIxb5vvjho/UJDbwZ5uKnI/AAAAAAAAS0o/scLKu8bupBg/s1600/schroder30.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8aIxb5vvjho/UJDbwZ5uKnI/AAAAAAAAS0o/scLKu8bupBg/s400/schroder30.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Interestingly, the private spaces are arranged on the first level, while most public ones are located on the second level. </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-H_MCanoOggA/UJDcLCLTTiI/AAAAAAAAS1M/Brnem4hfUiQ/s1600/ppAlta.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="291" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-H_MCanoOggA/UJDcLCLTTiI/AAAAAAAAS1M/Brnem4hfUiQ/s400/ppAlta.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DjQKKmPCjZU/UJDcKGjTesI/AAAAAAAAS1E/Bhc2rbMEMZE/s1600/pbaja.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DjQKKmPCjZU/UJDcKGjTesI/AAAAAAAAS1E/Bhc2rbMEMZE/s400/pbaja.jpg" width="397" /></a> </div>
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First level. Plant and axonometric. </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jFC_4bhoVxs/UJDcMNz1EsI/AAAAAAAAS1U/AF0aeJBxrZw/s1600/ppBaja.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="317" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jFC_4bhoVxs/UJDcMNz1EsI/AAAAAAAAS1U/AF0aeJBxrZw/s400/ppBaja.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TCojm8HNwog/UJDcJC-_OqI/AAAAAAAAS08/kzrGiQ3r6Bg/s1600/palta.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TCojm8HNwog/UJDcJC-_OqI/AAAAAAAAS08/kzrGiQ3r6Bg/s400/palta.jpg" width="338" /></a> </div>
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Second level. Plant and axonometric. </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WgO-wIALuSc/UJeOrBb7eKI/AAAAAAAAPaw/7SiEmxeY-o8/s1600/corte2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WgO-wIALuSc/UJeOrBb7eKI/AAAAAAAAPaw/7SiEmxeY-o8/s400/corte2.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DzqnDFE9S4s/UJeOqkzftSI/AAAAAAAAPao/js7gMpGl2sE/s1600/corte.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DzqnDFE9S4s/UJeOqkzftSI/AAAAAAAAPao/js7gMpGl2sE/s400/corte.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Sections. </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OWpcxsTggjw/UJDbOiH49DI/AAAAAAAASw0/wfEVwSIZGwQ/s1600/10_Rietveld_Schroeder_House_interior_01_691d710999.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OWpcxsTggjw/UJDbOiH49DI/AAAAAAAASw0/wfEVwSIZGwQ/s400/10_Rietveld_Schroeder_House_interior_01_691d710999.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>"... We didn't avoid older styles because they were ugly, or because we couldn't reproduce them, but because our own times demanded their own form, I mean, their own manifestation. It was of course extremely difficult to achieve all this in spite of the building regulations and that's why the interior of the downstairs part of the house is somewhat traditional, I mean with fixed walls. But upstairs we simply called it and 'attic' and that's where we actually made the house we wanted.">
<i>Gerrit Rietveld.</i> </i></div>
</blockquote>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hfSb7bfvcBY/UJDbNQhXyuI/AAAAAAAASws/4wip3Y8F5iE/s1600/1026Schroederhseinter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="276" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hfSb7bfvcBY/UJDbNQhXyuI/AAAAAAAASws/4wip3Y8F5iE/s400/1026Schroederhseinter.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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For this purpose Rietvield, who was initially a carpenter, installed a
series of foldable panels which can divide the space into different
shapes, changing the interior according to needs of area, lighting and
privacy. </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6qOG1MA9Xp0/UJDbo8QiRAI/AAAAAAAASz0/AKfPJb786l0/s1600/big_340728_1344_RIETVELD_CasaSchroeder_interni012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6qOG1MA9Xp0/UJDbo8QiRAI/AAAAAAAASz0/AKfPJb786l0/s400/big_340728_1344_RIETVELD_CasaSchroeder_interni012.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The following 3D model video explains the components of the house. </div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/QDj6qB3ypKo" width="420"></iframe></div>
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<b>DETAILS</b> <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-flPJ_rRYtOA/UJDbUQ7gmGI/AAAAAAAASxc/C9xmyx3qdWI/s1600/DSC_1700+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-flPJ_rRYtOA/UJDbUQ7gmGI/AAAAAAAASxc/C9xmyx3qdWI/s400/DSC_1700+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pLAS4RI-p30/UJDbXc8_rsI/AAAAAAAASx0/5CldctNhXzY/s1600/DSC_1707+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pLAS4RI-p30/UJDbXc8_rsI/AAAAAAAASx0/5CldctNhXzY/s400/DSC_1707+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WyDW7uFNKsM/UJDbYaBGjcI/AAAAAAAASx4/og44Li0IwC8/s1600/DSC_1708+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="263" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WyDW7uFNKsM/UJDbYaBGjcI/AAAAAAAASx4/og44Li0IwC8/s400/DSC_1708+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The Neoplasticist style of the house is complemented in its details, in the windows and accessories, such as furniture, to the point of establishing an
ongoing dialogue with the architecture that contains them. <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kwKHiDw1MQE/UJDbtnjVc_I/AAAAAAAAS0U/qW54G7XoWFM/s1600/interior+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kwKHiDw1MQE/UJDbtnjVc_I/AAAAAAAAS0U/qW54G7XoWFM/s400/interior+3.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_-PBRWp7I/AAAAAAAACAM/GkE2TxhwaAg/s1600-h/Rietveld_chair_1b+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399814012233230258" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_-PBRWp7I/AAAAAAAACAM/GkE2TxhwaAg/s400/Rietveld_chair_1b+copy.jpg" style="display: block; height: 234px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_-PBRWp7I/AAAAAAAACAM/GkE2TxhwaAg/s1600-h/Rietveld_chair_1b+copy.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a> <br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Red and Blue Chair and Chair Zigzag two Rietveld creations</span> </div>
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The Schröder house remains valid to this day due to its apparent
modernity: simple volumes and rational lines that evoke a Piet Mondrian
painting in three dimensions, its frank flexibility, airy transparency and
fluid spaciousness have inspired numerous contemporary works.<br />
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Note: I would like to thank architect <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://bibliotecadearquitecto.blogspot.ru/&usg=ALkJrhj4n3pAo-mxceXIzUDQj859uURfZA">Fredy G. Ovando</a> for the information provided. </div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br /></span></span></span></span> <br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">- OTHER WORKS OF GERRIT RIETVELD</span></div>
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<ul>
<li> <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2013/04/rietveld-kurokawa-van-gogh-museum.html">Van Gogh Museum</a> </li>
</ul>
<span style="color: #cc0000;">-</span> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">MODERN ARCHITECTURE</span> <br />
<ul>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/07/le-corbusier-curutchet-house.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Curutchet House, La Plata, Argentina. Le Corbusier (1949-53)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/08/frank-lloyd-wright-fallingwater.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Fallingwater, Pennsylvanya, USA. Frank L. Wright (1935-37)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/luis-barragan-house-and-studio.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Luis Barragan´s House and Studio, Mexico, Mexico (1947)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/le-corbusier-unite-dhabitation-in.html" style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #772315; line-height: 18px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Unité d'Habitation, Berlin, Germany. Le Corbusier, (1956-59)</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul></ul>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bRHoL3U__JU/UJDbePwVacI/AAAAAAAASyk/BJXjmhId4jc/s1600/DSC_1735+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="275" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bRHoL3U__JU/UJDbePwVacI/AAAAAAAASyk/BJXjmhId4jc/s400/DSC_1735+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Along with Cristina, a kind and beautiful Spanish student of architecture whom I met at the house.</span></div>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-66325751861089419742013-04-25T19:43:00.003+09:002013-05-16T20:12:16.008+09:00RIETVELD + KUROKAWA = VAN GOGH MUSEUM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_sGjd28yI/AAAAAAAAB80/7ddXZbWMo0U/s1600-h/Untitled-1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399794075584361250" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_sGjd28yI/AAAAAAAAB80/7ddXZbWMo0U/s400/Untitled-1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/seankisby/1472767427/&usg=ALkJrhhThe17ZYD3H5ZXOeK3t__azbdF4A"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Photo courtesy of Le Kizz</span></a> </div>
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<b><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2009/11/rietveld-kurokawa-museo-de-van-gogh.html">ESPAÑOL</a></b><br />
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How interesting is that in the design of the museum dedicated to the great and troubled <b>Vincent Van Gogh,</b> perhaps the most important Dutch painter together with Rembrandt, have converged two masters of architecture: <b>Gerrit Rietveld,</b> an architectural exponent Dutch movement <i>De Stijl</i> or <i>Neoplasticism</i> and the renown Japanese <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/search/label/Kisho%20Kurokawa"><b>Kisho Kurokawa</b></a>, one of the founders of the <b><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/10/metabolist-movement.html"><i>Metabolism Movement</i> </a></b>and subsequently a theoretician of the architectural movement called <i>symbiosis.</i> Other designers have joined them in the landscaping of external spaces. As a result, the <b>Museumplein</b> has become the largest Dutch museum complex.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WpF51xRI/AAAAAAAAB40/aB99JdhXZyQ/s1600-h/1732+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137160990672146" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WpF51xRI/AAAAAAAAB40/aB99JdhXZyQ/s400/1732+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">This video, with the song <i>Vincent</i> by Don Mclean is a tribute to Van Gogh, and shows many more works by the painter to the limited space in this post I may. </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span> </div>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2908351119065055161&postID=4282883364698124811" id="neplasticismo"><br /></a> <b>RIETVELD and Neoplasticism</b> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2908351119065055161&postID=4282883364698124811" id="neplasticismo"><br /></a> <br />
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<b>Neoplasticism</b> or <i><b>De Stijl</b></i> was a Dutch artistic movement developed between 1917 and 1931 and promoted by the artist, critic and theorist <b>Theo Van Doesburg.</b> <i>De Stijl</i> was the name of an academic publication in which Van Doesburg discussed the ideas of this movement. <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SvAFw5I3bnI/AAAAAAAACAc/j77EwmncqXc/s1600-h/Piet+Mondrian+Artist.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399822290747092594" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SvAFw5I3bnI/AAAAAAAACAc/j77EwmncqXc/s400/Piet+Mondrian+Artist.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 397px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: xx-small;">Piet Mondrian: Composition in red, yellow, blue, black and gray.</span> <span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span> </div>
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Born in painting, Neo was based on the abstraction of all forms of
orthogonal lines and planes, and all the primary colors, white and
black. While <b>Piet Mondrian</b> (1872-1944) is the best known artist of this movement, <b>Gerrit Rietveld</b> (1888-1964) it was its most renown architect. <br />
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Rietveld began as a furniture designer, and in 1917 created his famous
"Red and Blue Chair", which is a three-dimensional expression of the
concepts of the Neoplasticism. <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_-PBRWp7I/AAAAAAAACAM/GkE2TxhwaAg/s1600-h/Rietveld_chair_1b+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399814012233230258" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_-PBRWp7I/AAAAAAAACAM/GkE2TxhwaAg/s400/Rietveld_chair_1b+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 234px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Red and Blue Chair and Chair Zigzag two Rietveld creations</span> </div>
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His first and most famous work of architecture, the<a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2013/05/gerrit-rietveld-schroder-house.html"> <b>Schröder house</b></a>, is a three-dimensional composition based on these pictorial ideas. It has been declared a UNESCO heritage site, and we will discuss about it in more depth in our next post.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_-O7K422I/AAAAAAAACAE/SdPfYSvN9wI/s1600-h/CASA.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399814010595498850" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_-O7K422I/AAAAAAAACAE/SdPfYSvN9wI/s400/CASA.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Neoplasticism had a big influence on the Bauhaus Movement and subsequently on the development of the modern movement in architecture.<br />
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<b>THE FIRST VAN GOGH MUSEUM</b> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2908351119065055161&postID=4282883364698124811" id="rietveld"><b><br /></b></a> <br />
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Rietveld began designing the Van Gogh Museum from 1963 to 1964. After the architect's death in 1964, the project was completed by his disciples J. Van Dillen and J. van Tricht. The construction of this first building was concluded in 1973.
Additionally, in 1999 Martien van Goor added an offices wing that
allows better communication between the different blocks in the complex. <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2Wqnk0sAI/AAAAAAAAB5k/9Jk3kqLyJ0k/s1600-h/1658+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137187209195522" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2Wqnk0sAI/AAAAAAAAB5k/9Jk3kqLyJ0k/s400/1658+copy.jpg" style="display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Main facade from the street Paulus Potterstraat.</span> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1iJgBiMI/AAAAAAAAB9U/s4EkM5wJpIQ/s1600-h/scchiang.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399804445255108802" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1iJgBiMI/AAAAAAAAB9U/s4EkM5wJpIQ/s400/scchiang.jpg" style="display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> </div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Rear facade to the Museumplein.</span> <span style="font-size: xx-small;">Note the contemporary addition.</span> </div>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2Wqnk0sAI/AAAAAAAAB5k/9Jk3kqLyJ0k/s1600-h/1658+copy.jpg"><br /></a> <br />
The volumetric composition consists of three overlapping boxes at
different heights in a staggered sequence, and organized around a
central courtyard. In this space, lit from above, the staircase becomes the central element. <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1ksXYXBI/AAAAAAAAB-U/JZUsIeHLcpU/s1600-h/jantito2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399804488973835282" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1ksXYXBI/AAAAAAAAB-U/JZUsIeHLcpU/s400/jantito2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 283px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/SvAtkumlQKI/AAAAAAAAOjY/3VZ3bQWdGTg/s1600-h/tem13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br /></div>
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1kUl6j3I/AAAAAAAAB-M/SuxEuDzhtaE/s1600-h/jantito.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399804482592345970" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1kUl6j3I/AAAAAAAAB-M/SuxEuDzhtaE/s400/jantito.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 283px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Photos courtesy of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/jantito/3687464402/in/set-72157620298751739/&usg=ALkJrhhwm1sZH0Reemqkm_LCeodyy2-g1g">Jan Tito</a></span> </div>
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1hI9CA4I/AAAAAAAAB88/-CVBEEuSiY4/s1600-h/minke+wagenaar.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399804427928470402" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1hI9CA4I/AAAAAAAAB88/-CVBEEuSiY4/s400/minke+wagenaar.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1ibsg7HI/AAAAAAAAB9c/ilNytu4ljPk/s1600-h/socallow.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399804450139335794" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1ibsg7HI/AAAAAAAAB9c/ilNytu4ljPk/s400/socallow.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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The entrance fromy Paulus Potterstraat Street, is stressed by a
horizontal slab covering a lobby; this sort of "floating" elements is very common in Rietveld designs. <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SvAML3gS74I/AAAAAAAACAs/0_3Hp3IUmd4/s1600-h/amsterdam_building_VAN+GOGH.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399829351234727810" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SvAML3gS74I/AAAAAAAACAs/0_3Hp3IUmd4/s400/amsterdam_building_VAN+GOGH.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2908351119065055161&postID=4282883364698124811" id="kurokawa"><br /></a> <b>KUROKAWA'S INTERVENTION.</b> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2908351119065055161&postID=4282883364698124811" id="kurokawa"><br /></a> <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2VpAomBzI/AAAAAAAAB4k/9oar_ZaB7Mc/s1600-h/img-Y01220714-0001+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399136060064532274" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2VpAomBzI/AAAAAAAAB4k/9oar_ZaB7Mc/s400/img-Y01220714-0001+copy.jpg" style="display: block; height: 369px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Due to a grant from the Japan Foundation, in 1999 an extension
to the Rietveld's original museum was carried out. The project was commissioned ti the Japanese master Kisho Kurokawa.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2XYWIEcsI/AAAAAAAAB6U/z-B-WYTxkKM/s1600-h/amsterdam_building_aw200407_814.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137972799173314" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2XYWIEcsI/AAAAAAAAB6U/z-B-WYTxkKM/s400/amsterdam_building_aw200407_814.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Kurokawa, who shares with Rielveld a love for geometric shapes, proposed a building based on curved lines, based on the outline
of an ellipse.
Kurokawa champions the concept of symbiosis, a dialogue between two
different entities, each with its own personality but seeking a common
goal. His proposal is thus a symbiosis between East and West, between the straight and the curved lines, between order and chaos. </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2Wq8Xpl9I/AAAAAAAAB5s/ab8doR4X4nE/s1600-h/1661+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137192791087058" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2Wq8Xpl9I/AAAAAAAAB5s/ab8doR4X4nE/s400/1661+copy.jpg" style="display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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Showing humility and respect for his predecessor, Kurokawa buried 3/4 of the building,
connecting it with the old museum though an underground passage, in order to minimize
its visual impact on the surroundings. However, it is its peculiar titanium curved roof which first catches the visitor's eye .<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WqV8KTBI/AAAAAAAAB5c/8cmMx4Gmo3g/s1600-h/1642+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137182475242514" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WqV8KTBI/AAAAAAAAB5c/8cmMx4Gmo3g/s400/1642+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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The oval volume coated in granite is cut diagonally, defining a space that
is occupied by a plaza that is eventually filled with water, becoming an abstraction of a Japanese garden.<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WrOJPCOI/AAAAAAAAB50/7DqE9_Epn0E/s1600-h/1662+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137197562464482" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WrOJPCOI/AAAAAAAAB50/7DqE9_Epn0E/s400/1662+copy.jpg" style="display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
In the straight wall of the museum stands a metallic, tilted box that
emphasizes Kurokawa's predilection for embedding pure geometric forms
on flat surfaces, as he did on the <b><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/11/kisho-kurokawa-national-art-center.html">National Art Center</a></b> in Tokyo, which we had reviewed earlier in this moleskine. <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WqJZ2jVI/AAAAAAAAB5U/mnr6LMlrmt4/s1600-h/1632+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137179110116690" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WqJZ2jVI/AAAAAAAAB5U/mnr6LMlrmt4/s400/1632+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_5FK00FJI/AAAAAAAAB-0/AhiG_FIVNjU/s1600-h/joao+orneals+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399808345441047698" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_5FK00FJI/AAAAAAAAB-0/AhiG_FIVNjU/s400/joao+orneals+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 274px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Inside, the light is filtered by the curved roof and it is distributed though the fiberglass walls and wooden floors. <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1h_Mv5VI/AAAAAAAAB9M/LpAqLh0w7-0/s1600-h/MorBCN2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399804442489906514" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1h_Mv5VI/AAAAAAAAB9M/LpAqLh0w7-0/s400/MorBCN2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 242px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399804436524555442" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_1ho-f3LI/AAAAAAAAB9E/v_zRf2yKRl4/s400/MorBCN.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 292px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Photo courtesy of MorBCN</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/SvAtkumlQKI/AAAAAAAAOjY/3VZ3bQWdGTg/s1600-h/tem13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="294" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/SvAtkumlQKI/AAAAAAAAOjY/3VZ3bQWdGTg/s320/tem13.jpg" width="393" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Photo courtesy of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/rehvonwald/272677586/&usg=ALkJrhjJa9afokWf0K-R6Texfdgz7U_tfQ">temp13</a></span> </div>
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Two spaces are clearly legible: the double-height curve area and
suspended cube, which contains the collection of Van Gogh Japanese art
of Ukiyo-e, such as works by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utamaro">Kitagawa Utamaro</a> and <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katsushika_Hokusai">Katsushita Hokusai </a> . <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_85wo420I/AAAAAAAAB_E/N6s8bKBNjPo/s1600-h/Van_Gogh_the_blooming+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399812547479657282" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_85wo420I/AAAAAAAAB_E/N6s8bKBNjPo/s400/Van_Gogh_the_blooming+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 281px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>The plum blossom</i> and <i>The Courtesan</i> (Hiroshige)</span> </div>
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<b>Museumplein</b> <br />
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Perhaps the question we all ask while approach the museum through the spacious forecourt of the Museumplein is ... Where is the entrance to the museum? Originally, as mentioned earlier, the building used to face a street, and on its back there was another street, the Concertgebouw (Concert Hall), that joined with the Rijksmuseum, the largest art museum in the Netherlands.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SvAKuflkdaI/AAAAAAAACAk/cRZmXcdqm3k/s1600-h/jacob_olie_-_concertgebouw_amsterdam_10_november_1902.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399827747086562722" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SvAKuflkdaI/AAAAAAAACAk/cRZmXcdqm3k/s400/jacob_olie_-_concertgebouw_amsterdam_10_november_1902.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 324px;" /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The street in front of the Concertgebouwen 1902</span> </div>
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Between 1996 to 1999 an intensive renovation of this area was carried out ,
including underground parking, a wide expanse of lawn, shops, cafes, a
pool-skating rink, the relocation of green areas and a memorial to the
dead women in the Holocaust.
The design was conceived by the remarkable Swedish landscape architect
Sven-Ingvar Andersson, who integrated these cultural functions within a
public space.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_5E1H5QiI/AAAAAAAAB-s/FOwXuRj1ZKA/s1600-h/google+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399808339615498786" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su_5E1H5QiI/AAAAAAAAB-s/FOwXuRj1ZKA/s400/google+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 282px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Today this is one of the busiest areas for both residents and visitors, and often holds outdoor exhibitions. <br />
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2908351119065055161&postID=4282883364698124811" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2908351119065055161&postID=4282883364698124811" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WpZR8-iI/AAAAAAAAB48/XOmERCzm-Pk/s1600-h/1625+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137166192081442" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WpZR8-iI/AAAAAAAAB48/XOmERCzm-Pk/s400/1625+copy.jpg" style="display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137170726063842" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WpqK8DuI/AAAAAAAAB5E/iIl7xp_EpAc/s400/1626+copy.jpg" style="display: block; height: 216px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><br />
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Currently they are carrying out renovations in museums, but in a few
years it is expected to become one of the main cultural centers of Europe. <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WrU0b9RI/AAAAAAAAB58/j9qL2aeOh-Y/s1600-h/1663+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137199354279186" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2WrU0b9RI/AAAAAAAAB58/j9qL2aeOh-Y/s400/1663+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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*** </div>
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It is always noteworthy to remember that Van Gogh greatly influenced modern
art in Holland, including the De Stijl Movement, and that Vincent in turn was
influenced by Japanese art, so it was Kurokawa. The world is a handkerchief. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br /></span></span></span></span> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;">- OTHER WORKS OF Kisho Kurokawa</span></span> <br />
<ul>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/metabolist-movement.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Metabolist Movement (1960-70)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/kurokawa-nakagin-capsule-tower.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Nakagin Capsule Tower, Tokyo, Japan. (1970-72)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/kisho-kurokawa-national-art-center.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">National Art Center, Tokyo, Japan. (2000-06)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/kurokawa-nursing-association-tokyo.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Nursing Association of Japan, Tokyo, Japan. (1999-2001)</a></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></span> <br />
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">- <span style="font-style: italic;">ART MUSEUMS</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br /></span></span></span></span><br />
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<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2012/05/sanaa-21st-century-museum-kanazawa.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">21st Century Museum, Kanazawa, Japan. SANAA (1999-2004)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/09/f-gehry-guggenheim-museum-abu-dhabi.html" style="color: #21a736;">Guggenheim Museum, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Frank Gehry (2007-)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/08/f-gehry-guggenheim-museum-bilbao.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain. Frank Gehry (1992-97)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2012/08/wright-guggenheim-museum-new-york.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Guggenheim Museum, New York, USA. Frank L. Wright (1943-59) </a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/hoki-museum-chiba-japan.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Hoki Museum, Chiba, Japan. Tomohiko Yamanashi (2008-10)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2012/04/peter-zumthor-kolumba-museum-cologne.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Kolumba Museum, Cologne, Germany. Peter Zumthor (2003-07)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/10/i-m-pei-and-louvre-museum.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Louvre Museum, remodelling, Paris, France. I. M. Pei (1983-93</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/08/im-pei-miho-museum-japan.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/08/im-pei-miho-museum-japan.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Miho Museum, Shiga, Japan. I. M. Pei (1997)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/le-corbusier-museum-of-western-art.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Japan. Le Corbusier (1959)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/kisho-kurokawa-national-art-center.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">National Art Center, Tokyo, Japan. Kisho Kurokawa (2000-06)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/kengo-kuma-suntory-art-museum.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Suntory Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan. Kengo Kuma (2004-07)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/11/tadao-ando-suntory-museum.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Suntory Museum, Osaka, Japan. Tadao Ando (1994) </a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/mario-botta-watari-um-gallery-tokyo.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Watari-Um Gallery, Tokyo, Japan. Mario Botta (1985-90)</a></li>
</ul>
<div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2Wrt2XA2I/AAAAAAAAB6E/_bHR_aAI-_A/s1600-h/1666+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137206073230178" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2Wrt2XA2I/AAAAAAAAB6E/_bHR_aAI-_A/s400/1666+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;">With Eric, Techi and little Rafael</span></div>
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2Wo3pMJ_I/AAAAAAAAB4s/3MfHbOmWQmQ/s1600-h/1667+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399137157162739698" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/Su2Wo3pMJ_I/AAAAAAAAB4s/3MfHbOmWQmQ/s400/1667+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div>
</div>
Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-84002621046968583102013-04-19T13:38:00.000+09:002013-04-19T13:40:26.122+09:00HAFENCITY, THE LARGE URBAN PROJECT IN HAMBURG, GERMANY<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IiqjfjwB1FI/UWqqYTt_pmI/AAAAAAAATRY/hyc0kXSK9dQ/s1600/1024px-RK_1009_9904_Elbphilharmonie_HafenCity.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IiqjfjwB1FI/UWqqYTt_pmI/AAAAAAAATRY/hyc0kXSK9dQ/s400/1024px-RK_1009_9904_Elbphilharmonie_HafenCity.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<b><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2013/04/hafencity-el-gran-proyecto-urbano-en.html">ESPAÑOL</a></b><br />
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HafenCity is a vast waterfront development and urban rehabilitation project of located in Hamburg, the largest German port and the second in Europe,
after Rotterdam.
In addition to revitalizing the downtown and bringing urban life near the
water, this project is an important attempt to carry out sustainable design,
implemented in the contemporary architecture and urban
design of public spaces located in the area.<br />
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After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Hamburg grew from a secondary port
to a carry a protagonist role by controlling much of the maritime traffic from the Baltic to
Germany and Central Europe. <br />
In this context a project was developed to revitalize an old pier on the River Elbe that had been affected during the war and was abandoned by disuse and deterioration.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nnCkVVOxllY/UT3Ojhor4cI/AAAAAAAATM0/wNO4zCnBO-o/s1600/Untitled-4+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nnCkVVOxllY/UT3Ojhor4cI/AAAAAAAATM0/wNO4zCnBO-o/s400/Untitled-4+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nMGTGwdoOmM/UT3Oj77CohI/AAAAAAAATM4/tNB05m-7KXs/s1600/Untitled-3+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="147" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nMGTGwdoOmM/UT3Oj77CohI/AAAAAAAATM4/tNB05m-7KXs/s400/Untitled-3+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The HafenCity project, which began in 1999, is expected to be completed by
2020, although today it is possible access some areas that have been partially completed. <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bZWVd944IiU/UWqcYfxwp8I/AAAAAAAATO4/Tpnt7JYWLXk/s1600/google+1943.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bZWVd944IiU/UWqcYfxwp8I/AAAAAAAATO4/Tpnt7JYWLXk/s400/google+1943.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Project Area in 1944 </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9knnAkCA82c/UWqcYadsEII/AAAAAAAATPA/B5L_GZ9bJkM/s1600/google+2009.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9knnAkCA82c/UWqcYadsEII/AAAAAAAATPA/B5L_GZ9bJkM/s400/google+2009.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Project Area in 2013. <a href="https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=212979602115923110569.00046250ac1738f6760ea&msa=0&ll=53.542526,9.9861&spn=0.013133,0.042272">See location on Google Maps</a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-g4ekZydpTF0/UWqcV-1dcwI/AAAAAAAATOQ/HZicVvNvZig/s1600/Hafencity-Public-Space-By-Miralles-Tagliabue-EMBT-context.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-g4ekZydpTF0/UWqcV-1dcwI/AAAAAAAATOQ/HZicVvNvZig/s400/Hafencity-Public-Space-By-Miralles-Tagliabue-EMBT-context.jpg" width="398" /></a> </div>
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The project, designed by the Dutch-German consortium Kees Christiaanse / ASTOC in 1999, expanded the central area of Hamburg in
40% and transformed this unused storage area. This renovation kept in some cases the
building typology of brick warehouses, but preparing them to accomodate other purposes .<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-h7nRVzWIxEo/UT3OdVnyXOI/AAAAAAAATKg/G8PG8hoL8TI/s1600/DSC_9204+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-h7nRVzWIxEo/UT3OdVnyXOI/AAAAAAAATKg/G8PG8hoL8TI/s400/DSC_9204+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Looking to combine concepts of economic, social and environmental development,
HafenCity includes mixed-use areas, such as housing for 4000 people,
45,000 offices, restaurants, a university, cultural facilities, parks and
public areas.
However, there has been criticiscm regarding it as elitist
district, given the cost of the departments that are located in this
area. <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GDTG4pDGxhk/UT3Oe6Vpq0I/AAAAAAAATLE/VKMNzoewmxQ/s1600/DSC_9210+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GDTG4pDGxhk/UT3Oe6Vpq0I/AAAAAAAATLE/VKMNzoewmxQ/s400/DSC_9210+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The canal area is marked by the longitudinality of the space that visually opens to the river.
Our impression was that these buildings, respectively designed by architects winners of competitions, keep a human scale in relation to the pedestrians while allowing certain density in the district. The result achieved aesthetically composed yet highly efficient buildings in terms of sustainability.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-19EIINrJYnI/UWqccM5jbUI/AAAAAAAATQI/hlZ2KJ95Bxg/s1600/sandtorhafen.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="297" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-19EIINrJYnI/UWqccM5jbUI/AAAAAAAATQI/hlZ2KJ95Bxg/s400/sandtorhafen.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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It is also notable the recovery of old brick warehouses and public
buildings or offices, in a fashion that was pioneered by the project of Puerto Madero in
Buenos Aires, Argentina. Some sculptural elements are references of the industrial past of the area.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ki3Swhn_eQ0/UT3Ogdi8III/AAAAAAAATLc/3eSmeSRHGd8/s1600/DSC_9216+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="255" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ki3Swhn_eQ0/UT3Ogdi8III/AAAAAAAATLc/3eSmeSRHGd8/s400/DSC_9216+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<b>URBAN SPACE</b> <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AAGYuPJK06M/UWqcZVvpU3I/AAAAAAAATPU/XZ5a--U4rIU/s1600/hafencity2_5003.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="263" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AAGYuPJK06M/UWqcZVvpU3I/AAAAAAAATPU/XZ5a--U4rIU/s400/hafencity2_5003.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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One of the most celebrated contributions HafenCity is its public space, designed by Spanish firm EMBT, from the well remembered architect <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/search/label/EMBT">Enric Miralles and his wife Benedetta Tagliabue</a> . The design exploits the interface between the city and the water, establishing various levels of contact and accessibility.
It is noteworthy that the Elbe river floods two or three times a year, and for that reason the design should provide security for
the people and structures.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1ocuAVepjL0/UWqcY6pEBRI/AAAAAAAATPI/B6vShhzy6cw/s1600/hafencity-public-space.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1TXwoo8jMEw/UWqcUrsCmdI/AAAAAAAATN4/Ohveu493QFY/s1600/Hafencity-Hamburg-a28382617.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1TXwoo8jMEw/UWqcUrsCmdI/AAAAAAAATN4/Ohveu493QFY/s400/Hafencity-Hamburg-a28382617.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cE8HJoT_3WM/UWqcWzOyorI/AAAAAAAATOs/1i3T95r220U/s1600/Miralles+Tagliabue-Hafencity-05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cE8HJoT_3WM/UWqcWzOyorI/AAAAAAAATOs/1i3T95r220U/s400/Miralles+Tagliabue-Hafencity-05.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_67I6llc6hc/UWqcU3NDI8I/AAAAAAAATOA/WG6olZqal6M/s1600/Hafencity-Public-Space-By-Miralles-Tagliabue-EMBT-Sandtorhafen.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="156" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_67I6llc6hc/UWqcU3NDI8I/AAAAAAAATOA/WG6olZqal6M/s400/Hafencity-Public-Space-By-Miralles-Tagliabue-EMBT-Sandtorhafen.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>"Our intervention is dynamic and flexible. A changing landscape on a human scale, moving partially with the floods, bringing people nearer to the water and its moods."</i> </blockquote>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3P1fZjgl_mo/UWqcV6KtaMI/AAAAAAAATOI/vpFE0OleN0E/s1600/Hamburgs-neue-Hafencity-a17850226.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3P1fZjgl_mo/UWqcV6KtaMI/AAAAAAAATOI/vpFE0OleN0E/s400/Hamburgs-neue-Hafencity-a17850226.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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In this regard the project of EMBT was carried out in three levels: <br />
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a) Water level: a floating platform running longitudinally
parallel to the channel that provides access to most boats while
including gardening items.
The zigzagging composition of this path contrasts with the marked
parallelism defined by the buildings in both margins of the channel and produces various dynamic views and sensations, a concept that is characteristic of EMBT work.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cVMC44oaSO4/UT3OhPgoZuI/AAAAAAAATLw/VyO5kKH1xJg/s1600/DSC_9222+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cVMC44oaSO4/UT3OhPgoZuI/AAAAAAAATLw/VyO5kKH1xJg/s400/DSC_9222+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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b) Low Promenade level: Located 4.50 m above the water, it is used mostly by pedestrians to overlook the river from a safe area. The cantilevers offer coverage and a virtual channel that emphasizes directionality, while affording open views.<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BjIiKPVHsoU/UT3Ohy7GYFI/AAAAAAAATMM/8_WG6zMpR4o/s1600/DSC_9225+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BjIiKPVHsoU/UT3Ohy7GYFI/AAAAAAAATMM/8_WG6zMpR4o/s400/DSC_9225+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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c) At the street level. Is located at 7.50 m, separating vehicular pedestrian traffic. It also includes playing areas and pedestrian promenades. <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VGlsj7vNCAk/UWqcbyBsp_I/AAAAAAAATQE/23YRjIsbeWQ/s1600/open1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VGlsj7vNCAk/UWqcbyBsp_I/AAAAAAAATQE/23YRjIsbeWQ/s400/open1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br />
It is also noteworthy the detail of the furniture, a sort of sculptural pieces that have been appropriated by the users of this space <br />
<b><br /></b><b>ELBE</b><b> PHILHARMONIC </b><b>HALL</b><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OOTPPxF4rrA/UWqqYWVau_I/AAAAAAAATRU/qXzpQuYqvwY/s1600/2v9el9u.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="286" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OOTPPxF4rrA/UWqqYWVau_I/AAAAAAAATRU/qXzpQuYqvwY/s400/2v9el9u.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2YSwAkbBcoo/UWqcZ7do5uI/AAAAAAAATPY/pZtRmwhdi1M/s1600/hamburgconcerthall.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="253" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2YSwAkbBcoo/UWqcZ7do5uI/AAAAAAAATPY/pZtRmwhdi1M/s400/hamburgconcerthall.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Standing over the channel by way of a flagship, the project is the most emblematic
of the district and it was designed by the award-winning and Pritzker Prize Laureates Swiss architects <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/search/label/Herzog">Herzog and De Meuron</a>.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9srDUZxsHEg/UWqqZfrHmEI/AAAAAAAATRk/2alL8MJWn4o/s1600/7179453593_05a1cc9c4e_b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9srDUZxsHEg/UWqqZfrHmEI/AAAAAAAATRk/2alL8MJWn4o/s400/7179453593_05a1cc9c4e_b.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The building has been built on a former warehouse located on keel-shaped plot at one end of the pier, which has been gutted inside, leaving only the
facade.
Given the role that it should accommodate the building, it was impossible to
keep the original layout of the warehouse and instead this impressive
cultural facility is being assembled, that will include three concert halls, a hotel and
luxury apartments.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wK0k2J8vtHc/UWqqZ33Z6vI/AAAAAAAATRo/4CvwfISPnJA/s1600/elbharmonie-may-2008.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wK0k2J8vtHc/UWqqZ33Z6vI/AAAAAAAATRo/4CvwfISPnJA/s400/elbharmonie-may-2008.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-y0mKah_HmZg/UWqqZo68JtI/AAAAAAAATRs/HZfl9fItYC0/s1600/river-tunes-elbe-philharmonic-hall-herzog-de-meuron2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-y0mKah_HmZg/UWqqZo68JtI/AAAAAAAATRs/HZfl9fItYC0/s400/river-tunes-elbe-philharmonic-hall-herzog-de-meuron2.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The main concert hall shows an unusual arrangement of the seats, which
will allow viewers to have a different listening experience and a greater
proximity to the orchestra. <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rHIQo8M5hKA/UWqcUtS9WEI/AAAAAAAATN8/I0E1k85Hioo/s1600/1275270917-eve-20-009.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rHIQo8M5hKA/UWqcUtS9WEI/AAAAAAAATN8/I0E1k85Hioo/s400/1275270917-eve-20-009.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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From the outside, what is most striking is the facade of the building, a skin made of special double glass containing gas in between the two layers, which allows a
sophisticated thermal control inside while creating a striking texture from the outside .<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MDCNselPnk4/UWqqYABzH_I/AAAAAAAATRc/PdnFz28vMpE/s1600/264l09g.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MDCNselPnk4/UWqqYABzH_I/AAAAAAAATRc/PdnFz28vMpE/s400/264l09g.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PUCEgiVb0fo/UWqcWB_vDqI/AAAAAAAATOU/ksiDvA1eYvE/s1600/IMG_6874-BlickvomMichel-Philh.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PUCEgiVb0fo/UWqcWB_vDqI/AAAAAAAATOU/ksiDvA1eYvE/s400/IMG_6874-BlickvomMichel-Philh.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The project has not been without criticism, since a large number of postponements have increased its cost over 200 million euros. During our visit, we will told that the facility should be concluded in 2012, but probably its construction will be completed only in 2015. However, it is clear that despite these drawbacks, it will be one of the most emblematic landmarks of the city. <br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<b>MARCO POLO BUILDING AND UNILEVER-HAUS</b> <br />
<br />
This dynamic sculptural tower of winding terraces contains luxury apartments overlooking the river, piled up to a height of 55 m.
Its design, developed by Behnish Arkitekten, is based on an elaborate
eco-design that had a low environmental impact during its construction and
maintains an efficient control of its energy consumption.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ayKbPVXqCGc/UWqcbAJH9kI/AAAAAAAATPw/KR3l7A_YqCg/s1600/marco+polo+toer+febrok.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ayKbPVXqCGc/UWqcbAJH9kI/AAAAAAAATPw/KR3l7A_YqCg/s400/marco+polo+toer+febrok.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ECWP6s4qHKw/UWqceIraU1I/AAAAAAAATQs/yuSrfMxVrYE/s1600/vasco+da+gama+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ECWP6s4qHKw/UWqceIraU1I/AAAAAAAATQs/yuSrfMxVrYE/s400/vasco+da+gama+2.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Next to it is another building designed by the same office, this time
it is a predominantly horizontal volume, the headquarters of the Unilever-Haus
offices.
This building presents a second skin composed of a transparent film that can
provide environmental protection against the strong winds blowing in the
area, Inside, light enters generously and illuminates a large multi-storied lobby, crossed by bridges in various directions, allowing to experience an open , flexible and transparent interior. This spatial conception also favors the interaction of workers inside the building.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xRFUVwGdZUs/UWqcdYDev2I/AAAAAAAATQY/oe_ZoN4_J40/s1600/unilever-house.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xRFUVwGdZUs/UWqcdYDev2I/AAAAAAAATQY/oe_ZoN4_J40/s400/unilever-house.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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*** </div>
<br />
The scale of this large urban pilot project, its emphasis on sustainability,
underpinned by a varied repertoire of high quality contemporary architecture, make HafenCity one of the biggest developments of <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/search/label/waterfront%20development">waterfront development</a> in Europe. Probably when it finished in the next decade it will be an important reference on sustainable urban design.<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 14px;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"> </span><br />
<br style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" />
<span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px;">- Waterfront Development</span><br />
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/08/f-gehry-guggenheim-museum-bilbao.html">Guggenheim Museum, Barcelona, Spain. Frank Gehry</a></li>
<li style="border: none; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/10/waterfront-in-tempozan-i-osaka-aquarium.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Tempozan Aquarium, Osaka</a></li>
<li style="border: none; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/08/sydney-opera-house.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: initial;">Sydney Opera House, Australia. Jørn Utzon</a></li>
<li style="border: none; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2007/04/el-museo-suntory-tadao-ando.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Suntory Museum, Osaka. Tadao Ando.</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/10/toyo-ito-kengo-kuma-etc-shinonome-canal.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Shinonome Canal Court, Tokyo, Japan. Toyo Ito, Kengo Kuma, etc.. (2004-07)</span></a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/11/tadao-ando-times-i-ii.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Time's I & II, Kyoto, Japan.</span><span style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">(Tadao Ando)</span></span></a></li>
<li style="border: none; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/02/herzog-de-meuron-tate-modern-london.html">Tate Modern Museum, London, England. Herzog and De Meuron</a></li>
<li style="border: none; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2013/02/westminster-pier-park-canada.html">Westminster Pier Park, Canada.</a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mgQ7Vtxjiw4/UT3OcpOIQZI/AAAAAAAATKU/aoDtVegji-8/s1600/DSC_9060+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mgQ7Vtxjiw4/UT3OcpOIQZI/AAAAAAAATKU/aoDtVegji-8/s400/DSC_9060+copy.jpg" width="272" /></a> </div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Curious outfit of young girls in HafenCity.</div>
</div>
Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-28961888498469953252013-03-18T13:18:00.001+09:002013-03-18T16:08:07.814+09:00TOYO ITO: GRIN GRIN PARK, FUKUOKA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJe_BzPkI/AAAAAAAAGeU/SrzoxYizKbI/s1600/gringrin1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473361718802595394" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJe_BzPkI/AAAAAAAAGeU/SrzoxYizKbI/s400/gringrin1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 282px;" /></a><br />
<b><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2010/06/toyo-ito-grin-grin-park-fukuoka.html">ESPAÑOL</a></b><br />
<br />
Grin Grin Park is a pilot project designed by <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/search/label/Toyo%20Ito">Toyo Ito</a>. It is located on <span style="font-weight: bold;">Island </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">City</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> in Hakata Bay, north of Fukuoka, Kyushu, in South West Japan.
In this exciting and innovative project, conceived between 2002-03 and built between 2004-05,
Ito combined the site and the building design by means of a multidimensional walk-through experience.</div>
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJeS0zGwI/AAAAAAAAGeM/Vbql8F4FIKE/s1600/Grin+Grin,+Fukouka+by+Toyo-Ito-Associat_530x401.gif"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473361706936900354" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJeS0zGwI/AAAAAAAAGeM/Vbql8F4FIKE/s400/Grin+Grin,+Fukouka+by+Toyo-Ito-Associat_530x401.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 303px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">ISLAND </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CITY</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><br />
<br />
The city of Fukuoka is located in a prime position in East and South East Asia, given its proximity to major urban centers like Busan in Korea and Shanghai in China as well as connections to Taiwan, the
Philippines, Vietnam and Singapore.<br />
Island City is an artificial island located northeast of Fukuoka, in order to reinforce the functions of the port, create a whole new industry,
improve the traffic system east of Fukuoka and in turn create a
comfortable urban space to house a pleasant residential environment. <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIjvwrrUI/AAAAAAAAGds/kajfYuZ_adE/s1600/google1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360701091982658" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIjvwrrUI/AAAAAAAAGds/kajfYuZ_adE/s400/google1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 244px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://maps.google.com/maps/ms%3Fhl%3Den%26ie%3DUTF8%26msa%3D0%26msid%3D102855323729731991601.00046250ac1738f6760ea%26ll%3D33.66422,130.420343%26spn%3D0.006885,0.011276%26t%3Dk%26z%3D17&usg=ALkJrhgdnm_mw4xNPz178vRxEENLveXSjg">See location on Google Maps</a> </div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">GRIN GRIN PARK</span> <br />
<br />
Amid Island City is a park surrounding a bean-shaped pond.
It is noteworthy that the location of the park is not directly on the waterfront but landlocked, a decision perhaps influenced by the cold winds that blow over Fukuoka in
winter .<br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIZ1xhZ4I/AAAAAAAAGZ8/R7URs52pyHc/s1600/google2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360530907424642" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIZ1xhZ4I/AAAAAAAAGZ8/R7URs52pyHc/s400/google2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 317px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
The park has three areas: the pond, around which other elements are organized, the greenhouse,
located west and that somehow protects against the sea breeze, and the
other amenities that surround the pond, such as playgrounds , promenades, etc. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIgDucInI/AAAAAAAAGcU/RSElS0GSklk/s1600/DSC_9921+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360637731807858" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIgDucInI/AAAAAAAAGcU/RSElS0GSklk/s400/DSC_9921+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
As we approach the greenhouse, the unique urban furniture indicates that we are standing in a special place. The play grounds, the restrooms and even the seats have sculptural forms in addition to their function. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIhCoz4dI/AAAAAAAAGcs/N5e7CjPHAHw/s1600/DSC_9933+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360654619632082" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIhCoz4dI/AAAAAAAAGcs/N5e7CjPHAHw/s400/DSC_9933+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIfY4xUlI/AAAAAAAAGcE/zJc5ISUZKZU/s1600/DSC_0123+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360626232414802" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIfY4xUlI/AAAAAAAAGcE/zJc5ISUZKZU/s400/DSC_0123+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIgUeJvRI/AAAAAAAAGcc/sukJf5DKYwo/s1600/DSC_9926+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360642226896146" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIgUeJvRI/AAAAAAAAGcc/sukJf5DKYwo/s400/DSC_9926+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Not all of them are successful, though, such as these circular seats that remain empty
because they are very uncomfortable and do not favor any activity. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIfHBs4AI/AAAAAAAAGb8/c4QwwksElDk/s1600/DSC_0111+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360621438033922" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIfHBs4AI/AAAAAAAAGb8/c4QwwksElDk/s400/DSC_0111+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
However the most striking structure at the Grin Grin Park is the greenhouse. Ito's project aims to integrate architecture to the park's landscape.
From the pond, the architecture seems to blend with the site, generating a topography that is a combination of the natural and built, perhaps an analogy to the mountainous character of the country. <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIfpti7SI/AAAAAAAAGcM/rI-fIuyFxSw/s1600/DSC_0135+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360630748736802" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIfpti7SI/AAAAAAAAGcM/rI-fIuyFxSw/s400/DSC_0135+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJgax0RPI/AAAAAAAAGe8/FVr7-BmrHKI/s1600/ooni6.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473361743431615730" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJgax0RPI/AAAAAAAAGe8/FVr7-BmrHKI/s400/ooni6.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/cyberia/2176005513/in/set-72157603659936168/&usg=ALkJrhit3S0tzmVFikhy8Bhxn-u1AYsjIQ">K Ooni</a></span> </div>
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span>Another architect,<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Emilio Ambasz</span>, has a proposal not far from here that shares the idea embedding a building in a construction, using terraces to vertically extend a park along a building, the <span style="font-style: italic;"><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2007/10/emilio-ambasz-arquitectura-con.html">ACROS Fukuoka International Hall</a>. </span>However<span style="font-style: italic;">,</span> Ito's
proposal goes further by providing a kinetics experience in the visitor, modelling the park on the basis of the topological relationships generated on its surface. In any case, the visit evoked me the experience of walking though <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/07/terminal-de-pasajeros-en-yokohama.html&usg=ALkJrhjHMw9q9RvY8n6EkYwncDrdZ5ySBA">FOA</a> 's <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2007/07/terminal-de-pasajeros-en-yokohama.html">Passenger Terminal in Yokohama </a> rather than that of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/10/emilio-ambasz-arquitectura-con.html&usg=ALkJrhgKxWFWFo981v73gaSdl65is_GVaw">Ambasz</a>'s proposal .<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIdlgBOOI/AAAAAAAAGbU/JENkOeesj9c/s1600/DSC_0068+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360595258521826" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIdlgBOOI/AAAAAAAAGbU/JENkOeesj9c/s400/DSC_0068+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Working in partnership with Sekkei Sougo Kenkyujo, Ito chose the image of circles (waves) radiating from the Central Park to the whole island, as the basis of his proposal. The enormous circles became craters and mounds to cover various human activities and to produce incremental topological changes to the Central Park. Therefore the architecture is shown throughout undulating
sequences in spiral, integrating itself with the undulations of the ground rather than standing out as an architectural object. </div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIdAzSaUI/AAAAAAAAGbM/WOHAnNcHbME/s1600/DSC_0060+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360585407228226" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIdAzSaUI/AAAAAAAAGbM/WOHAnNcHbME/s400/DSC_0060+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">In
this conceptual model the genesis </span><span style="font-size: 14px;">idea </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">can be seen: a ribbon is twisted
twice </span><span style="font-size: 14px;">generating</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">spaces </span><span style="font-size: 14px;">illuminated</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> by three elliptical skylights.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><br /></span></div>
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VId93lHoI/AAAAAAAAGbc/lfs4-egkSl8/s1600/DSC_0073+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360601799794306" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VId93lHoI/AAAAAAAAGbc/lfs4-egkSl8/s400/DSC_0073+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The architecture has a covered an area of approximately 5,000 m2, and it is a central facility located in the park. There are 3 spaces prepared around the gardens with flowers and plants, each with an area of 900 to 1000 m2.
</div>
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJdSlc34I/AAAAAAAAGd0/h6ljnbOCC0U/s1600/Untitled-2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473361689692659586" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJdSlc34I/AAAAAAAAGd0/h6ljnbOCC0U/s400/Untitled-2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJdz3chgI/AAAAAAAAGd8/Ch6-8z1kqaQ/s1600/Untitled-3.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473361698626504194" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJdz3chgI/AAAAAAAAGd8/Ch6-8z1kqaQ/s400/Untitled-3.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 102px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a>
It is interesting to observe how the architect uses the building to define the boundary of the park, but at the same time he makes it quite permeable, being
possible to walk through it, climb it, see through it or enter inside. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIhSKh4bI/AAAAAAAAGc0/iwOTlqQrJsM/s1600/DSC_9954+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360658787590578" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIhSKh4bI/AAAAAAAAGc0/iwOTlqQrJsM/s400/DSC_9954+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIeOMj1zI/AAAAAAAAGbk/5brDbQ94KJA/s1600/DSC_0088+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360606182758194" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIeOMj1zI/AAAAAAAAGbk/5brDbQ94KJA/s400/DSC_0088+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIeUIpq0I/AAAAAAAAGbs/VYhW-_w_8Xo/s1600/DSC_0091+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360607776975682" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIeUIpq0I/AAAAAAAAGbs/VYhW-_w_8Xo/s400/DSC_0091+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
These three spaces are concatenated by routes that not only remain at ground
level or enter inside the building, but that are elevated forming bridges and walkways and following the surface of the roof, offering various visual experiences.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIcDqzjxI/AAAAAAAAGa0/c90s5VHlGo8/s1600/DSC_0027+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360568997089042" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIcDqzjxI/AAAAAAAAGa0/c90s5VHlGo8/s400/DSC_0027+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIbm4OpMI/AAAAAAAAGas/aFEXReQIRNM/s1600/DSC_0023+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360561268761794" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIbm4OpMI/AAAAAAAAGas/aFEXReQIRNM/s400/DSC_0023+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Green spaces are mixed with the built spaces in a way in which one can not only appreciate the greenery but also read books, have lunch or participate in workshops. </div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJfw5oX6I/AAAAAAAAGes/NChX9uiFLEA/s1600/ooni3.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473361732190101410" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJfw5oX6I/AAAAAAAAGes/NChX9uiFLEA/s400/ooni3.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJfNh9NbI/AAAAAAAAGec/Oc79emt_CWc/s1600/ooni.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473361722695562674" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJfNh9NbI/AAAAAAAAGec/Oc79emt_CWc/s400/ooni.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photos courtesy of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/cyberia/2176783146/in/set-72157603659936168/&usg=ALkJrhiGrTSXC0KHWCagYEy5jN-lQalW6Q">K Ooni</a> .</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
<br />
It is precisely this sequence that gives the user freedom to experience
the building in various forms and from multiple points of view. <span style="text-align: justify;">Walkways offer views of the park connecting the interior and exterior, following the topography of the roof.</span> (watch this sequence in the video tour at the end of the post).<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIjAlxbuI/AAAAAAAAGdc/IM9JS-Srsxo/s1600/DSC_9994+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360688429756130" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIjAlxbuI/AAAAAAAAGdc/IM9JS-Srsxo/s400/DSC_9994+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIijzYjZI/AAAAAAAAGdM/D8Y7FCAnmPQ/s1600/DSC_9968+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360680702217618" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIijzYjZI/AAAAAAAAGdM/D8Y7FCAnmPQ/s400/DSC_9968+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIc7FrxhI/AAAAAAAAGbE/Pi63EymYGUw/s1600/DSC_0044+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360583873775122" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIc7FrxhI/AAAAAAAAGbE/Pi63EymYGUw/s400/DSC_0044+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
The concrete slab and the skylights or glass partitions switch roles as
ceiling and walls, but whereas the windows ensure visual integration
with the park, the skylights help to highlight the spaces grouped around the planters under the
game of light.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJePwuzmI/AAAAAAAAGeE/j-DmhhHT84I/s1600/Untitled-4.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473361706114535010" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJePwuzmI/AAAAAAAAGeE/j-DmhhHT84I/s400/Untitled-4.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 174px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJgxBg4AI/AAAAAAAAGfE/mV1fu8TnIEE/s1600/scarletgreen.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473361749403033602" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJgxBg4AI/AAAAAAAAGfE/mV1fu8TnIEE/s400/scarletgreen.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 268px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of scarletgreen</span> </div>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIjYSdbmI/AAAAAAAAGdk/7KWl5bcZzI0/s1600/DSC_9995+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360694791204450" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIjYSdbmI/AAAAAAAAGdk/7KWl5bcZzI0/s400/DSC_9995+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIi1smr-I/AAAAAAAAGdU/-X2o5iidEeg/s1600/DSC_9989+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360685505621986" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIi1smr-I/AAAAAAAAGdU/-X2o5iidEeg/s400/DSC_9989+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
The skylights are controlled automatically according to the ambient
temperature, allowing ventilation on hot days or being closed in case of rain
or cold weather. The cantilever structure also offer protection from the summer heat. By contrast, during the winter, the tropical temperature required inside the building is controlled by heaters. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJfXEJegI/AAAAAAAAGek/VJbUOozucNg/s1600/ooni2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473361725254892034" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJfXEJegI/AAAAAAAAGek/VJbUOozucNg/s400/ooni2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_ZLS3Vb7yI/AAAAAAAAGfU/rshSwdYHrzI/s1600/DSC_0020+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473645184579006242" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_ZLS3Vb7yI/AAAAAAAAGfU/rshSwdYHrzI/s400/DSC_0020+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIaoI0tJI/AAAAAAAAGaU/TRlPMfyrgy8/s1600/DSC_0007+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360544426931346" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIaoI0tJI/AAAAAAAAGaU/TRlPMfyrgy8/s400/DSC_0007+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Although it is a relatively small project,
Toyo Ito takes the opportunity to highlight its theoretical concepts in
relation to architecture and nature. This relationship is based on the
conception of the natural world and the architecture and it had already been
expressed by Ito previously in his <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2008/05/toyo-ito-mediateca-de-sendai.html">Sendai Mediatheque</a> , and also in the <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/11/toyo-ito-tama-art-university-library.html">Library at the University of Tama </a>, despite the formal difference between them. Their relationship with nature is not only poetic, but emphasizes its concern with the technology of our era. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIe0exJXI/AAAAAAAAGb0/cG4Ex_7e1vs/s1600/DSC_0094+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360616459674994" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIe0exJXI/AAAAAAAAGb0/cG4Ex_7e1vs/s400/DSC_0094+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIhwNcemI/AAAAAAAAGc8/zmutlGJ0jls/s1600/DSC_9960+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360666852883042" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIhwNcemI/AAAAAAAAGc8/zmutlGJ0jls/s400/DSC_9960+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
But this communion between architecture and nature is it based solely on sensory and phenomenological parameters? Is it the same experience to walk around the park that Grin Grin Park than to visit the <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2008/04/yoro-park-y-el-destino-reversible.html">Yoro Park, "Site Reversible Destiny" by Shusaku Arakawa</a> , for example? Certainly not, Ito set his own rules, and followed them precisely. <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The technique that enables this design is a completely unique structure, called the method of shape analysis. First, a form is chosen, whose variations are simulated on the computer so that the load of torsion, energy of tension and distortion would be minimal. Then, a structurally optimal form is obtained as an evolved form. Feedback to this process are exchanged several times between architectural and structural designs. Finally the result was an architecture with a shell of 40 cm reinforced concrete.<i> </i></div>
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIaN5GCII/AAAAAAAAGaE/ipGZhSwmA8M/s1600/Untitled-1+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360537381636226" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIaN5GCII/AAAAAAAAGaE/ipGZhSwmA8M/s400/Untitled-1+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 248px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJgLmHl-I/AAAAAAAAGe0/I0ehE61d_NU/s1600/ooni4.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473361739356018658" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VJgLmHl-I/AAAAAAAAGe0/I0ehE61d_NU/s400/ooni4.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
One of the most important contributions of the building (beyond
its architectural achievements) is its social role, particularly regarding to education.
The collection of various exotic species of flora and fauna provide
opportunities for people to expand their knowledge of science while
touring an enjoyable and interesting building.</div>
<br />
In the following video you can see more photos of the park and the building as well as a sequence of the walk-through . <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<object height="385" width="480"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZTNXL42eOLQ&hl=en_GB&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="480"></object></div>
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: 130%;"><br /></span> <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: 130%;">SEE ALSO</span></span> <br />
<br />
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">- OTHER WORKS BY TOYO ITO</span> <br />
<ul>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/06/toyo-ito-tribute-to-winds.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Egg of the Winds, Yokohama, Japan. (1991)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/09/toyo-ito-mikimoto-ginza-2.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Mikimoto Ginza 2, Tokyo, Japan. (2005)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/09/toyo-ito-sendai-mediatheque.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Sendai Mediatheque, Sendai, Japan. (2001)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/toyo-ito-kengo-kuma-etc-shinonome-canal.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Shinonome Canal Court, Tokyo, Japan. With Kengo Kuma and others (2004)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/toyo-ito-tama-art-university-library.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Tama Art University Library, Tokyo, Japan. (2007)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/toyo-ito-tods-omotesando.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Tod's Omotesando, Tokyo, Japan. (2002-04)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/06/toyo-ito-tribute-to-winds.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Tower of the Winds, Yokohama, Japan. (1986)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/09/toyo-ito-za-koeji-theater-tokyo.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Za Koenji Theater, Tokyo, Japan. (2009)</a></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">- THEME PARKS</span><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/09/vandusen-visitor-centre.html" style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #772315; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-decoration: none;">VanDusen Visitor Centre, Vancouver, Canada. Perkins + Will (2010-11)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/01/tadao-ando-garden-of-fine-arts.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Garden of Fine Arts, Kyoto, Japan. Tadao Ando (1990)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2013/03/yorkville-park-toronto.html"><span style="color: #21a736;">Y</span>orkville Park, Toronto</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2013/02/westminster-pier-park-canada.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Westminster Pier Park, New Menstminster, Canada (2012)</a></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIaXctrCI/AAAAAAAAGaM/uP7stlMK1vc/s1600/DSC_0005+copy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473360539946953762" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S_VIaXctrCI/AAAAAAAAGaM/uP7stlMK1vc/s400/DSC_0005+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">As usual, I arrived to the site late, just when they were about to close.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">After begging this </span><span style="font-size: 14px;">gentleman, telling him that I came from </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">the other side of the
planet (which is technically true) just to see this building </span><span style="font-size: 14px;">(which was not actually true)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">, he agreed to let me in, and I accompanied him as he was closing the facility.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">When
I told him that I had a blog on architecture, he became very interested and very kindly photocopied me some literature, and made me promise I would post
about the Grin Grin.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Well, it took some time but I finally fulfilled my</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> promise.</span></div>
</div>
Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-63103938930462629962013-03-08T09:45:00.000+09:002013-03-08T09:45:52.829+09:00YORKVILLE PARK, TORONTO<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VX624x4_i-I/Tlr2n00XFbI/AAAAAAAAMls/6tOuDQKQ8us/s1600/DSC_8124%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096246915929522" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VX624x4_i-I/Tlr2n00XFbI/AAAAAAAAMls/6tOuDQKQ8us/s400/DSC_8124%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<b><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2011/08/parque-de-la-villa-yorkville-toronto.html">ESPAÑOL</a></b><br />
<br />
Yorkville is a historic neighborhood in Toronto that has become of the city's most exclusive areas, dotted with chic cafes and expensive
shops, in the heart of Canada's largest city. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BDmPEDi7QEs/Tlr2lkXNSsI/AAAAAAAAMj8/F3STZxKuUck/s1600/DSC_8098%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096208138947266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BDmPEDi7QEs/Tlr2lkXNSsI/AAAAAAAAMj8/F3STZxKuUck/s400/DSC_8098%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Here, where renting a place can exceed $ 3,000 per sq. meter, we were surprised to
find a small park whose
<i>avant-garde</i>, award-winning design, a project by <span style="font-weight: bold;">Oleson Worland Architects </span>represents diverse landscapes in Canada.
The proposal for the Village of Yorkville Park received the award from the American Society of Landscape Architects in 1997, among others.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T1YmfRPxVqQ/Tlr2l2q8XCI/AAAAAAAAMkM/DaKay55wYT0/s1600/DSC_8101%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096213053561890" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T1YmfRPxVqQ/Tlr2l2q8XCI/AAAAAAAAMkM/DaKay55wYT0/s400/DSC_8101%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4Hqh_yWd9Pg/Tlr2k8PZfGI/AAAAAAAAMjc/T79VTvVbpto/s1600/photo%2Bjunkie.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096197368773730" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4Hqh_yWd9Pg/Tlr2k8PZfGI/AAAAAAAAMjc/T79VTvVbpto/s400/photo%2Bjunkie.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 267px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/photojunkie/60269246/&usg=ALkJrhhBm09wijIVR6Oa2m6Mtyb9weLfPA">Photojunky</a> .</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">ABOUT YORKVILLE</span> <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In 1830, entrepreneur Joseph Bloor founded the town of Yorkville, one
of the earliest residential suburbs in Toronto, where houses surrounded two industries: a brick factory and a brewery.
Its urban landscape, full of Victorian houses, were built precisely with those bricks, and subsequently were absorbed by the metropolis in the twentieth
century. </div>
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CHssKaH9No0/Tlr2poIPDnI/AAAAAAAAMm8/8Bhbv7IU_8M/s1600/DSC_8200%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096277869366898" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CHssKaH9No0/Tlr2poIPDnI/AAAAAAAAMm8/8Bhbv7IU_8M/s400/DSC_8200%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In the 50s a row of these houses was demolished to carry out the
construction of the Bloor Danforth subway line, which later became a
parking area.
In the 60s Yorkville suffered physical deterioration, although it was a
social boiling point: it was the center of hippie culture and the intellectual
<i>boheme</i>. </div>
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vYAMYRCd60g/Tlr2psWuCcI/AAAAAAAAMnE/rpzFBqeZSSw/s1600/DSC_8213%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096279003859394" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vYAMYRCd60g/Tlr2psWuCcI/AAAAAAAAMnE/rpzFBqeZSSw/s400/DSC_8213%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
From the 70's and 80's this area began its renovation by including a number of businesses located in the neighboring Bloor Street, as well as high
density office buildings and condominiums began replacing the old
brick houses, a tendency that continues to this day. However, a small network of alleys superimposed on the main urban layout, allowed that cultural life remained and coexisted with commercial activities. For this reason, restaurants, cafes, boutiques and art galleries also appeared in the area.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yCi4CJN5DVQ/Tlr2ljCxLQI/AAAAAAAAMkE/22BdmfH6Lis/s1600/DSC_8099%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096207784783106" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yCi4CJN5DVQ/Tlr2ljCxLQI/AAAAAAAAMkE/22BdmfH6Lis/s400/DSC_8099%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M4x_Z8aeCfk/Tlr2o11QCRI/AAAAAAAAMmc/xhAJw4hLHeQ/s1600/DSC_8138%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096264367966482" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M4x_Z8aeCfk/Tlr2o11QCRI/AAAAAAAAMmc/xhAJw4hLHeQ/s400/DSC_8138%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 301px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">The area is a crisscrossed by alleys, and when weather allows, they become a public space and an expansion for cafes and restaurants.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> <br />
<br /></div>
Parallel to Bloor Street, in a vacant lot that was used for parking until 1991, an architectural competition was proposed in order to transform it into a park, despite
the difficulty of being located over a subway line.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r1-Bfd0UC4Y/Tlr2rJfFeXI/AAAAAAAAMoE/n9s1aZhOVaM/s1600/DSC_8237%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096304003447154" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r1-Bfd0UC4Y/Tlr2rJfFeXI/AAAAAAAAMoE/n9s1aZhOVaM/s400/DSC_8237%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-6586527297164558756">
</div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">LOCATION</span> <br />
<br />
The <span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Village of Yorkville Park</span>
is located on a long strip of land, running on the south side of
Cumberland Street, between the popular Bloor and Yorkville Streets, and connected to several perpendicular alleys.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KtxSO4_oheI/TmElFDw_7JI/AAAAAAAAMoM/Rz-q9j77K9Y/s1600/google.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5647836176539708562" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KtxSO4_oheI/TmElFDw_7JI/AAAAAAAAMoM/Rz-q9j77K9Y/s400/google.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 158px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://maps.google.ca/maps/ms%3Fmsid%3D212979602115923110569.00046250ac1738f6760ea%26msa%3D0%26ll%3D43.670782,-79.392421%26spn%3D0.003376,0.010525&usg=ALkJrhgiwUInu1tA-Ezu-zZSyrkokluOuQ">See location on Google Maps</a> </div>
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Gzc8MtCclIo/Tlr2lN8C0gI/AAAAAAAAMjs/kv82wBEN3RA/s1600/aerial%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096202119434754" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Gzc8MtCclIo/Tlr2lN8C0gI/AAAAAAAAMjs/kv82wBEN3RA/s400/aerial%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 267px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">PROPOSAL</span> <br />
<br />
The idea for the park allowed the Village of Yorkville to recover, reinforce and extend the scale and character of the Victorian original village, while the park was linked to the existing pedestrian network. In turn, it has been a great opportunity to introduce some native plant species in the middle of a highly urban environment. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oBsiKxCYJyo/Tlr2mR0sfQI/AAAAAAAAMkk/ibuHrCbxsYs/s1600/DSC_8108%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096220342222082" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oBsiKxCYJyo/Tlr2mR0sfQI/AAAAAAAAMkk/ibuHrCbxsYs/s400/DSC_8108%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
The project was designed by Oleson Worland Architects in association
with Martha Schwartz / Ken Smith / David Meyer Landscape Architects. This team proposed a series of small thematic gardens, representing the varied Canadian landscape. This collection of gardens symbolizes the divisions that used to exist between the old houses before they were demolished. <br />
<blockquote>
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-npDyP6XvFQc/Tlr2kRHm8mI/AAAAAAAAMi0/JjqK_aNpPL0/s1600/DSC_8244%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096185793376866" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-npDyP6XvFQc/Tlr2kRHm8mI/AAAAAAAAMi0/JjqK_aNpPL0/s400/DSC_8244%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">"We designed the park to reflect the Victorian style of collecting. In this case we were collecting landscapes of Canada – pine grove, prairie, marsh, rock outcropping and so on – and arranging them in the manner of the nineteenth century row houses"</span> </div>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zGcxSX4KxH4/Tlr2lVmapGI/AAAAAAAAMj0/ZLrBsgjFpDc/s1600/drawing-of-the-park.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096204176204898" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zGcxSX4KxH4/Tlr2lVmapGI/AAAAAAAAMj0/ZLrBsgjFpDc/s400/drawing-of-the-park.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 198px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">From left to right: wild rocky area and maples, swamp, birch, crabapples, wild flowers and pines.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">The explanation will follow the reverse order.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
<br />
Starting from the west end, there is a cluster of pines, growing around circular, donut-shaped benches.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_ffwGg6c96Y/Tlr2qEfLCxI/AAAAAAAAMnc/2ad06MEGnEc/s1600/DSC_8223%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096285481765650" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_ffwGg6c96Y/Tlr2qEfLCxI/AAAAAAAAMnc/2ad06MEGnEc/s400/DSC_8223%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 269px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-i281-_FA4ro/Tlr2p8i47NI/AAAAAAAAMnU/ZFxJ4U-MRa8/s1600/DSC_8222%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096283349871826" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-i281-_FA4ro/Tlr2p8i47NI/AAAAAAAAMnU/ZFxJ4U-MRa8/s400/DSC_8222%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Interacting with this coniferous forest is a set of light poles which, aside of providing light they spread fog, which creates a particularly interesting effect at night.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xvtGbte5rk8/Tlr2l-nywSI/AAAAAAAAMkU/Y217TDNngBU/s1600/DSC_8105%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096215187833122" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xvtGbte5rk8/Tlr2l-nywSI/AAAAAAAAMkU/Y217TDNngBU/s400/DSC_8105%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Then, in contrast to the geometric order of the pines, there is a group of wildflowers. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qhKWKiQh-zI/Tlr2mPASJFI/AAAAAAAAMkc/5quKJdRIDno/s1600/DSC_8107%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096219585520722" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qhKWKiQh-zI/Tlr2mPASJFI/AAAAAAAAMkc/5quKJdRIDno/s400/DSC_8107%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
It follows a garden of birch, arranged on a gravel ground. This forest is bounded by stone planters containing wild bushes. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mF6tB9EO2Dc/Tlr2qRNvlhI/AAAAAAAAMnk/IpmKgNbkQc8/s1600/DSC_8228%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096288898323986" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mF6tB9EO2Dc/Tlr2qRNvlhI/AAAAAAAAMnk/IpmKgNbkQc8/s400/DSC_8228%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qS_OsKD4F3Q/Tlr2qg-tzsI/AAAAAAAAMn0/y-5W-mxF5ec/s1600/DSC_8234%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096293130260162" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qS_OsKD4F3Q/Tlr2qg-tzsI/AAAAAAAAMn0/y-5W-mxF5ec/s400/DSC_8234%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Subsequently we found a group of wild apple trees growing on a gravel garden, patched with pink rock slabs.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zKkRP2w9nnA/Tlr2q9Q4lAI/AAAAAAAAMn8/jPk8TqMycX4/s1600/DSC_8235%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096300722656258" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zKkRP2w9nnA/Tlr2q9Q4lAI/AAAAAAAAMn8/jPk8TqMycX4/s400/DSC_8235%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Nc67TeqWBJ8/Tlr2nGVJSsI/AAAAAAAAMlE/gC9Rg7Fi5ME/s1600/DSC_8114%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096234436971202" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Nc67TeqWBJ8/Tlr2nGVJSsI/AAAAAAAAMlE/gC9Rg7Fi5ME/s400/DSC_8114%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Afterwards there is an arcade composed of a succession of metal frames, perhaps resembling the bridges or urban areas of the country. Here the floor becomes more regular, geometric, represented by a cobblestone pattern .<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5nDQu3-lZxk/Tlr2k_xzSTI/AAAAAAAAMjU/T1G3fBjM-nI/s1600/DSC_8264%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096198318377266" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5nDQu3-lZxk/Tlr2k_xzSTI/AAAAAAAAMjU/T1G3fBjM-nI/s400/DSC_8264%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8uDzS_wy_nc/Tlr2nXqkG0I/AAAAAAAAMlU/shPHWr4mWLY/s1600/DSC_8117%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096239090211650" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8uDzS_wy_nc/Tlr2nXqkG0I/AAAAAAAAMlU/shPHWr4mWLY/s400/DSC_8117%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 295px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Next to it there is a metal tube that supports an artificial waterfall, a thin
curtain of rain that introduces the sound element to the landscape design of
the park. <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PQN9xJtF5Sc/Tlr2kSFmrFI/AAAAAAAAMi8/M6RkbBqJMPg/s1600/DSC_8245%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096186053405778" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PQN9xJtF5Sc/Tlr2kSFmrFI/AAAAAAAAMi8/M6RkbBqJMPg/s400/DSC_8245%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yzsXlJkLHUs/Tlr2oDxB_oI/AAAAAAAAMl0/NWydXhqqX18/s1600/DSC_8125%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096250928496258" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yzsXlJkLHUs/Tlr2oDxB_oI/AAAAAAAAMl0/NWydXhqqX18/s400/DSC_8125%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-McX-vyUj5yg/Tlr2pHtGRTI/AAAAAAAAMms/HonxEirD-Mk/s1600/DSC_8164%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096269165610290" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-McX-vyUj5yg/Tlr2pHtGRTI/AAAAAAAAMms/HonxEirD-Mk/s400/DSC_8164%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rw6U3CVTVMQ/Tlr2oeOHOqI/AAAAAAAAMmM/0rf69z2km80/s1600/DSC_8130%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096258029796002" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rw6U3CVTVMQ/Tlr2oeOHOqI/AAAAAAAAMmM/0rf69z2km80/s400/DSC_8130%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 260px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AcyCBH8xKa8/Tlr2lCokzTI/AAAAAAAAMjk/zH0lSolZ5pc/s1600/spunk.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096199084985650" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AcyCBH8xKa8/Tlr2lCokzTI/AAAAAAAAMjk/zH0lSolZ5pc/s400/spunk.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">The cascade freezes during Toronto's </span><span style="font-size: 12px;">winter</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 78%;">.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo Courtesy of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/snuffy/3244178254/&usg=ALkJrhjX9I1VJfe8HyiuOKFBWSm4fX8bJw">Snuffy</a> .</span></div>
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It follows a wetlands area, which is traversed by wooden bridges, crisscrossing the garden at various angles. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-odoG-zSwQLk/Tlr2n7IHk0I/AAAAAAAAMlk/FWbwAb6WMC8/s1600/DSC_8122%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096248609411906" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-odoG-zSwQLk/Tlr2n7IHk0I/AAAAAAAAMlk/FWbwAb6WMC8/s400/DSC_8122%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OeXJ45xWsL8/Tlr2nt9eiQI/AAAAAAAAMlc/bBr9-B4T_UE/s1600/DSC_8118%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096245075118338" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OeXJ45xWsL8/Tlr2nt9eiQI/AAAAAAAAMlc/bBr9-B4T_UE/s400/DSC_8118%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jRiRFalsdOY/Tlr2kPk4cKI/AAAAAAAAMis/AsX3QXlhSrA/s1600/DSC_8242%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096185379287202" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jRiRFalsdOY/Tlr2kPk4cKI/AAAAAAAAMis/AsX3QXlhSrA/s400/DSC_8242%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Finally, flanked by a group of wild maples, there is a huge block of rock, a
giant 1000 million year-old and 650 tons granite that was cut and
transported in parts from Muskoka, in the so-called <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograf%25C3%25ADa_de_Canad%25C3%25A1&usg=ALkJrhhK2svMV7n1JVb7YvJ24y1E22KzEQ#Escudo_Canadiense">Canadian Shield</a> near the Arctic, and then assembled at the park trying to minimize cracking. Given its weight, this huge rock is located on top of the structural elements of the underground.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-quPv8zlYMcE/Tlr2oTBCa1I/AAAAAAAAMmE/l7loklAHfu8/s1600/DSC_8129%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096255022164818" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-quPv8zlYMcE/Tlr2oTBCa1I/AAAAAAAAMmE/l7loklAHfu8/s400/DSC_8129%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hfVr_eJwUY8/Tlr2oKMvkYI/AAAAAAAAMl8/DieoFJsCZQQ/s1600/DSC_8126%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096252655341954" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hfVr_eJwUY8/Tlr2oKMvkYI/AAAAAAAAMl8/DieoFJsCZQQ/s400/DSC_8126%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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A contemporary element, the entrance to the Bay Station, is located at the end of the park. <br />
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In addition on the symbolic role of this design, it is remarkable the fact that the
park transmits different sensations as it is walked through, which however does not give the impression of being a collection of isolated patches but an integrated, comprehensive proposal . Somehow it reminds me of Bernard Tschumi's thematic gardens and the <i>promenade cinematique</i> for the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2009/01/el-parque-de-la-villette-pars.html&usg=ALkJrhjm77qudJBAQ813hekwpwi9Ar0ynw">Parc de la Villette in Paris</a> .<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-n2_egqVrnKg/Tlr2mmazUCI/AAAAAAAAMks/-H6pgdquy1w/s1600/DSC_8109%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096225870762018" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-n2_egqVrnKg/Tlr2mmazUCI/AAAAAAAAMks/-H6pgdquy1w/s400/DSC_8109%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AolZ4KXTyMs/Tlr2nN4dr-I/AAAAAAAAMlM/dUWIUgrLIR4/s1600/DSC_8115%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096236464156642" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AolZ4KXTyMs/Tlr2nN4dr-I/AAAAAAAAMlM/dUWIUgrLIR4/s400/DSC_8115%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">A detail of design furniture for landfill</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
In addition to its aesthetic and landscape design, the park enjoy social
success, since it is a meeting point for the population, often used by both
businessmen and ordinary people who at times like to sit under a tree or
lay down on a thousand million years stone .<br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ps93_PtGmtw/Tlr2m13um_I/AAAAAAAAMk8/e0poVORxE9w/s1600/DSC_8111%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096230018620402" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ps93_PtGmtw/Tlr2m13um_I/AAAAAAAAMk8/e0poVORxE9w/s400/DSC_8111%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w5xUyS_EPV8/Tlr2pFz2E8I/AAAAAAAAMmk/XS0o8jAEZtw/s1600/DSC_8163%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096268657038274" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w5xUyS_EPV8/Tlr2pFz2E8I/AAAAAAAAMmk/XS0o8jAEZtw/s400/DSC_8163%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><br /></span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px;">- Parks and Landscape design</span><br />
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/01/tadao-ando-garden-of-fine-arts.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: none;">Garden of Fine Arts, Kyoto, Japan. Tadao Ando (1990)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/09/vandusen-botanical-garden-vancouver.html" style="color: #21a736;">VanDusen Botanical Garden, Vancouver, Canada. Herb Wilson (1971-75)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2013/02/westminster-pier-park-canada.html">Westminster Pier Park, New Menstminster, Canada (2012)</a></li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
</ul>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-V3XVT648jAI/Tlr2qv2xM3I/AAAAAAAAMns/NAXWm6QMsR0/s1600/DSC_8231%2Bcopy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646096297123459954" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-V3XVT648jAI/Tlr2qv2xM3I/AAAAAAAAMns/NAXWm6QMsR0/s400/DSC_8231%2Bcopy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 324px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></div>
Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-30477769796647509482013-02-14T21:34:00.003+09:002013-02-14T21:40:01.649+09:00WESTMINSTER PIER PARK, CANADA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6XawAQY46cQ/UEGB44cNF7I/AAAAAAAASd8/xIbzXxFlL1c/s1600/DSC_4731+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6XawAQY46cQ/UEGB44cNF7I/AAAAAAAASd8/xIbzXxFlL1c/s400/DSC_4731+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<b><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2012/08/westminster-pier-park-un-espacio-frente.html">ESPAÑOL</a></b><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
New Westminster, the oldest city in the urban conglomerate that forms Metro-Vancouver in Western Canada, has recently opened a linear park on
the banks of the Fraser River.
The project promotes social and environmental rehabilitation and has become a catalyst for the public life and economic development of the
entire surrounding area.
The project has received general acclaim, wining the National Award for Sustainable Communities, the annual prize from the Federation of Canadian Municipalities of Canada and the national Brownie Award from the Canadian Urban Institute for sustainable remediation technologies.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2V7bKOlMnm8/UChoIcMZJ2I/AAAAAAAAR5E/ioOCs0lvH7s/s1600/DSC_4693+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2V7bKOlMnm8/UChoIcMZJ2I/AAAAAAAAR5E/ioOCs0lvH7s/s400/DSC_4693+copy.jpg" width="427" /></a> </div>
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<b>BACKGROUND</b> <br />
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The park was built on the old pier that originated the city of New Westminster; subsequently, as in many riverfront areas in the world, it became an industrial area.
Nearby, the Lytton Square was located (where a local market was built), designed
by Colonel Moody and the Royal Engineers in 1893, becoming the heart of
the city. </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-redz2QJ1Qq4/UChoXdTG9qI/AAAAAAAAR6s/8soaLOGJgTE/s1600/DSC_4723+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="263" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-redz2QJ1Qq4/UChoXdTG9qI/AAAAAAAAR6s/8soaLOGJgTE/s400/DSC_4723+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lVatsJO4II0/UChoYWAaRzI/AAAAAAAAR60/CbZDfV9pogY/s1600/DSC_4724+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="275" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lVatsJO4II0/UChoYWAaRzI/AAAAAAAAR60/CbZDfV9pogY/s400/DSC_4724+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Before the park was constructed, the city was cut off from the riverfront.
The railway divided the urban area from the <span style="text-align: left;">abandoned industrial </span><span style="text-align: left;">brownfield located by the river and a bulky three-story parking lot, built over the coastal road, blocked physical access to the riverfront. This situation made this city, once a
major regional port, turn its back to the Fraser River.</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5FXhx6iprnI/UCk1IoKlpxI/AAAAAAAAR74/eaCcnmB02pA/s1600/Untitled-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5FXhx6iprnI/UCk1IoKlpxI/AAAAAAAAR74/eaCcnmB02pA/s400/Untitled-1.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nZMBmTGo8og/UCk1J4OosUI/AAAAAAAAR8I/-qFkl9N9Ojk/s1600/Untitled-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="245" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nZMBmTGo8og/UCk1J4OosUI/AAAAAAAAR8I/-qFkl9N9Ojk/s400/Untitled-2.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c3K-xw1jXqk/UCk1KfHL4BI/AAAAAAAAR8Q/BhIgLrnaBT4/s1600/Untitled-3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c3K-xw1jXqk/UCk1KfHL4BI/AAAAAAAAR8Q/BhIgLrnaBT4/s400/Untitled-3.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9eK3Q_ka4bY/UChoFqk2ixI/AAAAAAAAR4s/f5tFZdmBako/s1600/DSC_4680+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9eK3Q_ka4bY/UChoFqk2ixI/AAAAAAAAR4s/f5tFZdmBako/s400/DSC_4680+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<b>THE PROJECT</b> <br />
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In 2009, the New Westminster City Hall acquired a 3.8 hectares abandoned
industrial area by the river, at a cost of 8 million
CAD. In addition, another $25 million from the federal and central government were required for the implementation of the park.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7CCcLpPMj70/UChobhnLMXI/AAAAAAAAR7Q/3HNKMgAy_As/s1600/planta+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7CCcLpPMj70/UChobhnLMXI/AAAAAAAAR7Q/3HNKMgAy_As/s640/planta+copy.jpg" width="640" /></a> </div>
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<a href="https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=212979602115923110569.00046250ac1738f6760ea&msa=0&ll=49.202472,-122.906499&spn=0.007515,0.021136">See location on Google Maps</a> </div>
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The 600 meters long park is developed between Sixth and Elliot Street, and includes walking areas, playgrounds, lawns, seating areas,
picnic tables, basketball courts, public art areas, services and a large
parking lot.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3ZCjcVN03nM/UChoKYQSm5I/AAAAAAAAR5U/lL1Wb_oMJVs/s1600/DSC_4697+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3ZCjcVN03nM/UChoKYQSm5I/AAAAAAAAR5U/lL1Wb_oMJVs/s400/DSC_4697+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xonadx8XjDQ/UChoLcg2xBI/AAAAAAAAR5c/RBD8yt9DLyg/s1600/DSC_4700+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xonadx8XjDQ/UChoLcg2xBI/AAAAAAAAR5c/RBD8yt9DLyg/s400/DSC_4700+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> <br />
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One of the most valued aspects of the design is its flexibility to provide different experiences to different kinds of
people: those who want to run, those who want to walk, those who want to
stop and look, those who want to sit or want to lie...
all these activities are mixed in a cultural and allegorical framework that allows <span style="text-align: left;">the park</span><span style="text-align: left;">, in spite of its diversity, to be perceived
as an integrated whole and not as a series of disjointed spaces.</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_oNxmJbbgKk/UChoMkLshoI/AAAAAAAAR5k/-i_IZz1xAws/s1600/DSC_4701+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_oNxmJbbgKk/UChoMkLshoI/AAAAAAAAR5k/-i_IZz1xAws/s400/DSC_4701+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HLqeTftUETY/UChoZaYi36I/AAAAAAAAR68/UX-YfcZg26Y/s1600/DSC_4725+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HLqeTftUETY/UChoZaYi36I/AAAAAAAAR68/UX-YfcZg26Y/s400/DSC_4725+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The project is the work of landscape architect<b> Bruce Hemstock</b>, who is
also a resident of New Westminster, and who conceived the park on three themes: "The river, the past, the people". <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oQgUk1CdVwI/UCk1MiNdQ1I/AAAAAAAAR8o/PjSSI8-31RE/s1600/Untitled-6.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oQgUk1CdVwI/UCk1MiNdQ1I/AAAAAAAAR8o/PjSSI8-31RE/s400/Untitled-6.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NMAwEBbCtfY/UCk1NQc9psI/AAAAAAAAR8w/4xqVdtFwL0s/s1600/Untitled-7.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NMAwEBbCtfY/UCk1NQc9psI/AAAAAAAAR8w/4xqVdtFwL0s/s400/Untitled-7.jpg" width="400" /></a> <br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aFB8e6G69HE/UChoJKJa8xI/AAAAAAAAR5M/ciSVEjLNagM/s1600/DSC_4694+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aFB8e6G69HE/UChoJKJa8xI/AAAAAAAAR5M/ciSVEjLNagM/s400/DSC_4694+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Hence, the park uses elements reminiscent from the past.
For example, in the so-called Lytton Square within the park, a stylized pergola evokes the original market building, erected in 1893 not
far from this place.<br />
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Another recurring allegory are the piers on which the park is
supported and which, at times, protrude from the surface to
form "forests". There are a total of 3015 wooden poles and 176 steel pilings .<br />
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Approximately 55% of the park area was built on water, reinforcing its aquatic nature and its pier character. </div>
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In addition, photographic prints on metal plates as well as a metal strip that
records the most important historical events of the city, highlight the
commitment of the design to be rooted in the history of the place, without loosing its contemporary character. <br />
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The vegetation it is also an important factor in the design as it occupies 30% of the park area. In addition to the 3240 m2 of grass, several native species have been included, a gesture that evokes the <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2011/08/parque-de-la-villa-yorkville-toronto.html">Yorkville park in Toronto</a> . There are a total of 19 tree species, 39 types of shrubs and three species of grass.<br />
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In the short time since the opening of the park, it has become a catalyst for the surrounding areas.
For example, the old facades facing the river are beginning to be recycled as terraces and restaurants open to the public and, as seen in
these pictures. The positive impact will also affect the value of surrounding properties as well as the economic and social recovery of the city. <br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span> <br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">- Waterfront Development</span><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/10/waterfront-in-tempozan-i-osaka-aquarium.html">Tempozan Aquarium, Osaka</a></li>
<li><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2010/08/sydney-opera-house.html" style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #772315; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-decoration: initial;">Sydney Opera House, Australia. Jørn Utzon</a></li>
<li><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2007/04/el-museo-suntory-tadao-ando.html">Suntory Museum, Osaka. Tadao Ando.</a></li>
<li> <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/10/toyo-ito-kengo-kuma-etc-shinonome-canal.html"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Shinonome Canal Court, Tokyo, Japan.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Toyo Ito, Kengo Kuma, etc..</span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2004-07)</span></a></li>
<li> <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/11/tadao-ando-times-i-ii.html"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Time's I & II, Kyoto, Japan.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Tadao Ando)</span></a></li>
</ul>
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Along with our friend James Diaz</div>
</div>
Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-73691851210956969092013-02-07T16:41:00.000+09:002013-02-08T15:15:38.924+09:00CÉSAR PELLI: NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ART, OSAKA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Piyro2YeDwI/URNY41klvAI/AAAAAAAATJ4/MlCIw0o-M5c/s1600/DSCN3343copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="348" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Piyro2YeDwI/URNY41klvAI/AAAAAAAATJ4/MlCIw0o-M5c/s400/DSCN3343copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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*<i> In collaboration with</i> <i style="text-align: center;"><b>Ms. Oriana Nakano</b>, Curatorial Assistant at the National Museum Osaka</i><br />
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<b><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2008/01/museo-de-arte-osaka-csar-pelli.html">ESPAÑOL</a></b></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KmfH21Oz_XU/URNY5O3vS4I/AAAAAAAATKA/NGt0rPeOjlc/s1600/8502379.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KmfH21Oz_XU/URNY5O3vS4I/AAAAAAAATKA/NGt0rPeOjlc/s400/8502379.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">The National Museum of Art (2004), designed by Cesar Pelli in Osaka, is so different from the </span><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2007/12/las-torres-petronas-csar-pelli.html" style="text-align: justify;">Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur</a><span style="text-align: justify;">, that is hard to believe at first glance that this work belongs to the same architect.
While the Malaysian towers stand skyward beating world
records, the museum in Osaka was developed three levels underground.
While the complex in Malaysia was developed based on a meticulous and strict
geometry that is clearly expressed in the form and silhouette of the
towers, the museum in Japan presents an explosive, amorphous facade, completely free of geometric constraints.
It is possible, however, to recognize in both examples an intention to
create a significant place, to establish a landmark that will develop the collective memory of
the site. In both cases, this architect from Tucuman, Argentina, has demonstrated versatility in the development of such different solutions.</span><br />
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<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yrh1DFhVI/AAAAAAAAEg8/-cRvGdTpSN4/s1600-h/1217pw_osaka_day2_b.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151180671469061458" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yrh1DFhVI/AAAAAAAAEg8/-cRvGdTpSN4/s400/1217pw_osaka_day2_b.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Panorama showing the Museum of Art in the foreground and the Science Museum in the background.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of AIA</span> </div>
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">BACKGROUND.</span> <br />
<br />
The World <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2010/10/kenzo-tange-y-la-expo-1970-osaka.html">Expo'70</a> took place on the outskirts of Osaka, and among the facilities that were implemented for that event, the Expo Museum of Fine Arts was developed.
In 1977 this building was transformed into the National Museum of Art
in Osaka, dedicated to house mainly contemporary art collections.</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yidVDFhFI/AAAAAAAAEe8/mEnKwxONt28/s1600-h/expo70.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151170698554999890" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yidVDFhFI/AAAAAAAAEe8/mEnKwxONt28/s400/expo70.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">"Tower of the Sun," by Taro Okamoto monument at the <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2010/10/kenzo-tange-y-la-expo-1970-osaka.html">Expo Park, Osaka</a>.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of girlsmell.</span> </div>
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In 2004 the museum was moved to the east end of the city near the
coast, to a location on the Nakano island (or Nakanoshima),
between the rivers Tosabori and Dojima, an area renown as Osaka's Arts District.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">DEVELOPMENT</span> <br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
Due to limitations of the area it was decided that this 13,500 m2 complex, should be developed underground, with two galleries for permanent and temporary installations.
Due to its location in an area crisscrossed by many underground
streams, and given that the building would be below the level of the
rivers, triple-layered walls were built (concrete, waterproof and the inner wall of the museum), reaching a thickness of 3 meters.
This armor provides the building with additional protection against
moisture and earthquakes, and because of that it has earned the nickname of "submarine".</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yptFDFhRI/AAAAAAAAEgc/AMGg9Hfqjio/s1600-h/google+museo.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151178665719334162" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yptFDFhRI/AAAAAAAAEgc/AMGg9Hfqjio/s400/google+museo.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">The museum is located on the island Nakano.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Google Earth Image</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3ymzFDFhGI/AAAAAAAAEfE/F6Fn-fiDjho/s1600-h/MUSEO+NOCHE.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151175470263665762" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3ymzFDFhGI/AAAAAAAAEfE/F6Fn-fiDjho/s400/MUSEO+NOCHE.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Aerial view of the Osaka Museum of Art, next to the </span><span style="font-size: 12px;">elliptical</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 78%;">building of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka_Science_Museum&usg=ALkJrhinjshKCtYivHMKZA-XAVLLrTD9bw">Osaka Science Museum</a> .</span> <br />
<span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo Courtesy of Pelli Clarke Pelli.</span></div>
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The facade, however, stands as a light structure -made of stainless steel
tubes coated in titanium- that emerges from the ground level, forming a sculptural spasm that exceeds 50 m. in height, and spreading like the wings of a mystical bird. This sculpture wraps the steel and glass lobby, which affords generous natural light to the interior.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoy1DFhQI/AAAAAAAAEgU/uVZTH5xIgIA/s1600-h/DSCN3405.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151177664991954178" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoy1DFhQI/AAAAAAAAEgU/uVZTH5xIgIA/s400/DSCN3405.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Detail of the facade.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo C.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Zeballos</span> <br />
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-agKL4mvrTzw/URNPeAOFNYI/AAAAAAAATJM/3FltBogZf54/s1600/DSC_0011+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-agKL4mvrTzw/URNPeAOFNYI/AAAAAAAATJM/3FltBogZf54/s400/DSC_0011+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></span><br />
Facade. Photo courtesy of Oriana Nakano.</div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">"The steel sculpture is allowed to sway, to some extent, in all directions."</span> says Pelli. <span style="font-style: italic;">"Given its height and location, wind and earthquake design posed unique engineering challenges. Also, many of the steel tubes must penetrate the skylight glass. For these junctures, the architects designed a watertight seal with a bellows. The bellows allow the steel tube to move 4–6 inches in any direction without breaking the glass or causing leaks. "</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span> <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JOlfaipj8LQ/URNPhKarB7I/AAAAAAAATJY/bvfBA95vGoU/s1600/DSC_0017+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="267" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JOlfaipj8LQ/URNPhKarB7I/AAAAAAAATJY/bvfBA95vGoU/s400/DSC_0017+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Photo courtesy of Oriana Nakano.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoG1DFhHI/AAAAAAAAEfM/EjdmXJymmv4/s1600-h/DSCN3337.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151176909077709938" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoG1DFhHI/AAAAAAAAEfM/EjdmXJymmv4/s400/DSCN3337.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoH1DFhKI/AAAAAAAAEfk/WcOVdRcVPFc/s1600-h/DSCN3366.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151176926257579170" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoH1DFhKI/AAAAAAAAEfk/WcOVdRcVPFc/s400/DSCN3366.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Details of the facade.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo C.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Zeballos</span> </div>
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Next to the museum there is a bamboo garden. Both the garden and the structure are an allegory of a bamboo forest that used to grow naturally in the Nakanoshima Island before its urban development.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SvlmiF_V5BI/AAAAAAAACGU/L974u9oZIgU/s1600-h/CA390312.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5402461963917059090" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/SvlmiF_V5BI/AAAAAAAACGU/L974u9oZIgU/s400/CA390312.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 240px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
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Some have criticized this dramatic rupture with the environment, but
others have praised this synthesis between architecture
and sculpture and the explicit feeling of freedom and contemporaneity expressed in its facade.
However, although this metal and glass structure bends and twists to
form the building entrance, it does not transmit the flamboyant drama involving,
for example, the works of <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/search/label/Gehry">Frank Gehry</a> . On the contrary, the use of tubes instead of plates makes the whole element lighter and more transparent. I would say that despite its apparent chaos, it is possible to perceive Pelli's orderly hand .<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yp91DFhSI/AAAAAAAAEgk/7fStcS3v6mI/s1600-h/1217pw_osaka_interior_b.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151178953482143010" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yp91DFhSI/AAAAAAAAEgk/7fStcS3v6mI/s400/1217pw_osaka_interior_b.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Inside the lobby.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of AIA</span> <br />
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4SE_ZUFIewA/URNPhIVpRQI/AAAAAAAATJg/hlx4ae48J4Y/s1600/DSC_0014+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4SE_ZUFIewA/URNPhIVpRQI/AAAAAAAATJg/hlx4ae48J4Y/s400/DSC_0014+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6yWW45VDhzU/URNPd4H3opI/AAAAAAAATJI/3KBUivw-BGE/s1600/DSC_0007+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="267" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6yWW45VDhzU/URNPd4H3opI/AAAAAAAATJI/3KBUivw-BGE/s400/DSC_0007+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Entrance and lobby. Photos courtesy of Oriana Nakano</div>
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Perhaps as interesting as this external <i>capriccio</i>, is the spatial sensation inside this transparent lobby, a monumental space bathed in a warm and
welcoming light that, an ever-changing play of light and
shadow, hits on the museum walls, coated in earthy colors.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yf-lDFhAI/AAAAAAAAEeU/xvNjaoCWE6I/s1600-h/7osaka.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151167971250766850" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yf-lDFhAI/AAAAAAAAEeU/xvNjaoCWE6I/s400/7osaka.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yf-1DFhBI/AAAAAAAAEec/h3L8KolwR-o/s1600-h/1217pw_e_w_section_b.gif"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151167975545734162" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yf-1DFhBI/AAAAAAAAEec/h3L8KolwR-o/s400/1217pw_e_w_section_b.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Sections of the museum.</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">Courtesy of </span><span style="font-size: 78%;">Pelli Clark Pelli </span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yf-VDFg_I/AAAAAAAAEeM/bslbFxiieA4/s1600-h/1f.gif"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151167966955799538" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yf-VDFg_I/AAAAAAAAEeM/bslbFxiieA4/s400/1f.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">First floor, courtesy of the National Museum of Art, Osaka.</span> </div>
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Dotted with nice details, such as a series of columns which flourish from a single point to the ceiling, the main function of this
modern greenhouse is to provide natural light to the underground
galleries. <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoH1DFhLI/AAAAAAAAEfs/CoV7OdH-l3o/s1600-h/DSCN3380.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151176926257579186" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoH1DFhLI/AAAAAAAAEfs/CoV7OdH-l3o/s400/DSCN3380.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoyFDFhMI/AAAAAAAAEf0/LS5cCBp1U6g/s1600-h/DSCN3381.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151177652107052226" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoyFDFhMI/AAAAAAAAEf0/LS5cCBp1U6g/s400/DSCN3381.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Interior Details, branched columns supporting the roof.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photos C.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Zeballos</span> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vk4B9n1G-XQ/URNPaSfwO9I/AAAAAAAATIY/ViJt7GPry4k/s1600/DSC08932+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vk4B9n1G-XQ/URNPaSfwO9I/AAAAAAAATIY/ViJt7GPry4k/s400/DSC08932+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yjZNF0npDzY/URNPau_vFhI/AAAAAAAATIg/qR122J9SH4w/s1600/DSC08935.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yjZNF0npDzY/URNPau_vFhI/AAAAAAAATIg/qR122J9SH4w/s400/DSC08935.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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Photos courtesy of Oriana Nakano</div>
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From the glazed lobby we descend through the escalators to the galleries, located below and arranged as L-shape.<br />
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The first level houses the reception, auditorium, restaurant, offices
and the souvenir shop.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yf_FDFhCI/AAAAAAAAEek/ts15aVap-6k/s1600-h/b1f.gif"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151167979840701474" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yf_FDFhCI/AAAAAAAAEek/ts15aVap-6k/s400/b1f.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">First basement, courtesy of the National Museum of Art, Osaka.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 78%;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: left;">The double height between this</span></span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">level and the first basement </span><span style="text-align: left;">is an ideal </span><span style="text-align: left;">space</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">to admire an impressive work by Miró (<a href="http://catalogue.successiomiro.com/catalogues/ceramics/rire-innocent-mur-pour-lexposition-dosaka-1970-429.html">Innocent Laughter</a>, 1969, ceramic tiles 640 pieces, 500x1200 cm, in 1977 it was received as a gift from The Commemorative Association for the Japan World Exposition’70).</span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoylDFhOI/AAAAAAAAEgE/dSPuMYAvLdA/s1600-h/DSCN3384.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151177660696986850" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoylDFhOI/AAAAAAAAEgE/dSPuMYAvLdA/s400/DSCN3384.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Details of the double-height living room, which houses a painting by Miró and the hanging sculpture by Alexander Calder.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo C.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Zeballos</span> <br />
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Other remarkable works on the first level are: <a href="http://search.artmuseums.go.jp/search_e/records.php?sakuhin=51124">Jiro Takamatsu’s Study for “Shadow”, Two men</a> (1977), pencil, colored pencil on tracing paper, to be found close to the entrance of the museum shop; Henry Moore’s <i><a href="https://www.google.com/search?um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q=large+standing+figure+henry+moore&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.42080656,d.bGE&biw=1525&bih=615&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=0JEUUfevHqmG4gSl54CoDg">Large Standing Figure: Knife Edge</a></i> (1961-1976), bronze, a 1977 gift from the Agency for Cultural Affairs, which is placed close to the ticket check-point; and Alexander Calder’s London (1962), painted sheet aluminum and steel rod, a work in red suspended from the ceiling.<br />
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Both second basement (B2) and third basement (B3) host temporary exhibitions – around eight each year, while exhibits from the museum’s permanent collection of nearly 6500 works, including new acquisitions, are presented on the B2 level (Collection 1: art from the 1960s (2010), Collection 2: recent acquisitions (2010), Collection 3: Japanese Art 1950-2010 (2010), Collection 4: a century of contemporary art (2011), Collection Exhibition: Japanese artists in the US (2011), Nakanoshima Collections (2011), the 35th Anniversary of the National Museum of Art, Osaka: the Allure of the Collection (2012), etc.) <br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yf_FDFhDI/AAAAAAAAEes/drrb1Zoi8J0/s1600-h/b2f.gif"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151167979840701490" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yf_FDFhDI/AAAAAAAAEes/drrb1Zoi8J0/s400/b2f.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yidVDFhEI/AAAAAAAAEe0/V4nhlA-TLng/s1600-h/b3.gif"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151170698554999874" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yidVDFhEI/AAAAAAAAEe0/V4nhlA-TLng/s400/b3.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Second and third basement, courtesy of the National Museum of Art, Osaka.</span> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yuvFDFhWI/AAAAAAAAEhE/Ky1TV7shb10/s1600-h/DSCN3382.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151184197637211490" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yuvFDFhWI/AAAAAAAAEhE/Ky1TV7shb10/s400/DSCN3382.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoylDFhPI/AAAAAAAAEgM/whH6D4BWf-Y/s1600-h/DSCN3392.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151177660696986866" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/R3yoylDFhPI/AAAAAAAAEgM/whH6D4BWf-Y/s400/DSCN3392.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Profile Detail of the staircase.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo C.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Zeballos</span> </div>
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The following pictures illustrate the exhibition "Eternity of Eternal Eternity", displaying some of the works of the famous <a href="http://anecdotasmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/10/el-arte-de-yayoi-kusama.html">Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama</a>. The photos are a courtesy of Ms. Oriana Nakano.<br />
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"Eternity of Eternal Eternity" by Yayoi Kusama</div>
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You can see more about the work of Yayoi Kusama in our post on <a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/10/mario-botta-watari-um-gallery-tokyo.html">The Watari Museum, by Mario Botta</a> and<a href="http://anecdotasmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2011/10/el-arte-de-yayoi-kusama.html"> in this post (in Spanish)</a><br />
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With an exterior design inspired by the life force of the bamboo and
the development of contemporary art, this new
facility serves well as a space for interaction between the public and
art. The Art Museum is related to the Science Museum, a building that shares with the museum an elliptical plaza. In the vicinity there is a building called <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Nakanoshima-Mitsui-bldg-01.jpg">Nakanoshima Mitsui Building</a> , also designed by Cesar Pelli & Associates. <br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="font-family: lucida grande; font-size: 130%;">SEE ALSO<span style="font-style: italic;">:</span></span></span></span> <br />
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<span style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #333399; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">- MUSEUMS OF CONTEMPORARY ART.</span></span><br />
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2012/08/wright-guggenheim-museum-new-york.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: initial;">Guggenheim Museum, New York, USA. Frank L. Wright (1943-59) </a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/08/f-gehry-guggenheim-museum-bilbao.html">Guggenheim Museum, Frank Gehry, Bilbao, Spain</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2012/05/sanaa-21st-century-museum-kanazawa.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: initial;">21st Century Museum, Kanazawa, Japan. SANAA (1999-2004)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/hoki-museum-chiba-japan.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: initial;">Hoki Museum, Chiba, Japan. Tomohiko Yamanashi (2008-10)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ca/2012/04/peter-zumthor-kolumba-museum-cologne.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: initial;">Kolumba Museum, Cologne, Germany. Peter Zumthor (2003-07)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/08/im-pei-miho-museum-japan.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: initial;"></a><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/08/im-pei-miho-museum-japan.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: initial;">Miho Museum, Shiga, Japan. I. M. Pei (1997)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/le-corbusier-museum-of-western-art.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: initial;">Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Japan. Le Corbusier (1959)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/11/kisho-kurokawa-national-art-center.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: initial;">National Art Center, Tokyo, Japan. Kisho Kurokawa (2000-06)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/kengo-kuma-suntory-art-museum.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: initial;">Suntory Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan. Kengo Kuma (2004-07)</a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/mario-botta-watari-um-gallery-tokyo.html" style="color: #772315; text-decoration: initial;">Watari-Um Gallery, Tokyo, Japan. Mario Botta (1985-90)</a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cYPrBUvAOWM/URNPhOByV2I/AAAAAAAATJc/UsYhkyVlf64/s1600/Oriana+nmao.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cYPrBUvAOWM/URNPhOByV2I/AAAAAAAATJc/UsYhkyVlf64/s400/Oriana+nmao.JPG" width="267" /></a></div>
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<i style="text-align: center;">I would like to thank <b>Ms. Oriana Nakano</b>, Curatorial Assistant at the National Museum Osaka, for her kind collaboration in this post, particularly for the pictures on the Yayoi Kusama exhibition, since some installations are usually difficult to photograph inside museums in Japan.</i></div>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-38588037334621696682013-01-29T04:00:00.000+09:002013-01-29T04:00:00.053+09:00FENG SHUI IN ASIAN URBANISM: KYOTO, JAPAN<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgjRgjMcM5I/AAAAAAAABxI/2DI-O4RbVR0/s1600-h/que+pasa.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" height="309" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5046513739602080658" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgjRgjMcM5I/AAAAAAAABxI/2DI-O4RbVR0/s400/que+pasa.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" width="400" /></a> <br />
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<span style="color: #000099; font-style: italic;"><b><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2007/03/el-feng-shui-en-el-urbanismo-asitico-ii.html">ESPAÑOL</a></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-style: italic;">I think that it is fundamentally necessary for people to be able to gain an understanding of their position in the present, as a section of time between the past and the future. They can gain it from the urban environment. </span> </div>
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Kevin Lynch </div>
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Until the eighth century capitals in Japan tended to be relocated following the emperor's death. This was a very expensive tradition, but had an important relationship with Shinto religion and its relationship with nature and landscape. When Buddhism was imported from China, a new city model, centralized,
geometric and regulated by <i><b><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2013/01/feng-shui-in-asian-urbanism-xian-china.html">Feng Shui</a></b> (</i>or <i>Zōfuu Tokusui</i>, as it was locally called) took place in
Japan.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RjXhPQd7WsI/AAAAAAAACJE/dGjB8hAM7Yk/s1600-h/hase+05.JPG" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #d52a33; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5059197408655399618" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RjXhPQd7WsI/AAAAAAAACJE/dGjB8hAM7Yk/s400/hase+05.JPG" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background-color: white; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 422px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: 308px;" /></a><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #7d181e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: center; text-decoration: initial;"></span><br />
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<a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/04/hasedera-y-el-valle-recluido.html" style="color: #7d181e; font-size: small; text-decoration: initial;">Hasedera, Nara</a><span style="font-size: x-small;">. Japanese architecture favored the relation with nature, a tradition that continued after the import of Buddism</span></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">The Japanese capitals were modeled after </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/03/el-feng-shui-en-el-urbanismo-asitico-i.html&usg=ALkJrhjHfPeTue6kV7WMt9kGrIAeX4lkPg" style="text-align: justify;">Chang'an</a><span style="text-align: justify;"> , but with one important difference:</span><u style="text-align: justify;"> the absence of walls</u><span style="text-align: justify;">. In that sense, the relationship between urban planning and landscape geomancy had a closer relationship.</span></div>
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The structure and composition of the landscape, as defined by Feng Shui principles, delineated by Saitou and compiled by Higuchi contain the following characteristics:<br />
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1) The mountains are located the north, “like the seized head of the turtle-serpent, with undulations of the dragoon and bows of the tiger coming from the east and the west”. These mountains define a natural barrier and a space dominion that they protect.<br />
2) A body of water exists to the south, and the slope develops smoothly towards that direction.<br />
3) This configuration establishes a clear directionality according to the cardinal points and clearly is related to the solar movements, the resulting effects of light and the wind direction.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/Ra9usXm2ZeI/AAAAAAAAAzM/BOBsy-Taih8/s1600-h/caratula+copia.jpg" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #d52a33; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5021353818071655906" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/Ra9usXm2ZeI/AAAAAAAAAzM/BOBsy-Taih8/s400/caratula+copia.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background-color: white; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 317px; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: 422px;" /></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/01/el-templo-del-agua-pura.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: initial;">Kiyomizudera Temple, Kyoto</a>, it is located on the eastern hills of the city.</span></span></div>
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Chang An was copied in Japan in capitals as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/02/el-gran-buda-de-nara.html&usg=ALkJrhgjR77sh9VTVfAW-wHBezPCxp-T0w">Heijo kyo (Nara)</a> and Heian Kyo (Kyoto), but also in cities like Naniwa, Shigaraki, Kuni.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UrS9AiweaLw/UQPBgf6wp4I/AAAAAAAATII/tJ6ps9maCmI/s1600/0heijo+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="267" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UrS9AiweaLw/UQPBgf6wp4I/AAAAAAAATII/tJ6ps9maCmI/s400/0heijo+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Reconstruction of Heijo kyo, the first Japanese capital modeled after Chang'An, now in Nara.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www3.pref.nara.jp/EastAsia_e/dd.aspx?menuid=1105">Nara Prefecture</a></span><br />
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Chang An was copied in Japan in capitals like Heijo kyo (Nara) and Heian kyo (Kioto), but in addition in cities like Naniwa, Shigaraki, Kuni. </div>
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<b> HEIAN KYO </b><br />
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Towards 794, in an area known as Yamashiro, a man was walking on a plain surrounded by mountains in the north, east and west. Between the mountains two streams flowed into a "Y" shaped junction to form a river that ran from north to south. In the south there was a large pond (that was filled and reclaimed for urbanization in the1970s).<br />
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That man was the emperor's assistant chief of geomancy, who had been secretly sent to inspect the site along with a group of planners. This group decided that this was the ideal place to draw the new capital, as a perfect fit with the requirements of Feng Shui. I envy this man, for he saw that which is impossible to see today. He idealized the city's master plan and the relationships between the city and its environment, between man and nature.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaaSxZelYI/AAAAAAAABww/puAqFlgepdM/s1600-h/layout.jpg" style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045890079803741570" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaaSxZelYI/AAAAAAAABww/puAqFlgepdM/s400/layout.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
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By all means, the reasons to move the capital from its previous location in Nara were not aesthetic, but political. The great power which the priests had acquired and their physical proximity to the court of the emperor Kammu, was an important obstacle for the imperial power.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgjNRTMcM4I/AAAAAAAABxA/48o-aK-CAUw/s1600-h/distribucion.jpg" style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5046509079562564482" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgjNRTMcM4I/AAAAAAAABxA/48o-aK-CAUw/s400/distribucion.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a><span style="text-align: center;"></span><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaaaBZelZI/AAAAAAAABw4/VcDgxjAluz8/s1600-h/img35e60040n13whc.gif" style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045890204357793170" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaaaBZelZI/AAAAAAAABw4/VcDgxjAluz8/s400/img35e60040n13whc.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a><span style="text-align: center;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12px;">Drawing the Heian Kyo city and its main buildings</span> </div>
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<span style="font-size: 12px;">Image by Tan Hong Yew.</span> <span style="font-size: 12px;">Source: Introduction to Japanese architecture.</span></div>
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The new capital’s border was the Kamo river and was surrounded by mountains: to the north, dedicated to Genbu, the turtle black serpent; to the east, home of the one of Seiryuu, the green dragoon and to the west, dedicated to Byakko, the white tiger. To the south, there was a water body, the Ogura pool, where the bird Suzaku lived.<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaaIBZelWI/AAAAAAAABwg/vicCrGI6H6s/s1600-h/HeianKyo2.jpeg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045889895120147810" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaaIBZelWI/AAAAAAAABwg/vicCrGI6H6s/s400/HeianKyo2.jpeg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 12px;">The protective guardians</span><br />
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The design of the capital was similar to that of Heijō kyō. It extended 5,5 km in north-south direction and 4,7 km in East-West direction.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaaORZelXI/AAAAAAAABwo/8quHJAyxPCc/s1600-h/HeianKyo3.jpeg" style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045890002494330226" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaaORZelXI/AAAAAAAABwo/8quHJAyxPCc/s400/HeianKyo3.jpeg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a><span style="text-align: center;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12px;">Reconstruction of Heian Kyo</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaaCRZelVI/AAAAAAAABwY/H7NVGeZCLbY/s1600-h/heian+zoom.jpg" style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045889796335899986" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaaCRZelVI/AAAAAAAABwY/H7NVGeZCLbY/s400/heian+zoom.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Urban location of the Imperial Palace</span></span></div>
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In the north the imperial palace was located, that was a compound of 1,4 km * 1,2 km, which enclosed a series of buildings, such as the Great Hall State or Daogokuken, whose 2/3 scale replica stands on the Heian Shrine.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RoCeWxbuWuI/AAAAAAAACeY/UjuN2rJP-2E/s1600-h/Noh2.jpg" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #7d181e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center; text-decoration: initial;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5080234493737851618" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RoCeWxbuWuI/AAAAAAAACeY/UjuN2rJP-2E/s400/Noh2.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background-color: white; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></a><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Replica of the Daigoku en, Heian Shrine, Kyoto.</span></div>
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In the center of the city, a huge 80 meters wide avenue called Suzaku Oji run from the Imperial Palace to the north to the enormous Rajomon Gate to the South.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaZ-hZelUI/AAAAAAAABwQ/jqU2uxH2yPo/s1600-h/17.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045889731911390530" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgaZ-hZelUI/AAAAAAAABwQ/jqU2uxH2yPo/s400/17.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 12px;">Suzaku Oji Avenue and Imperial Palace</span></div>
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The Rajomon or Rashomon measured 32 meters wide by 8 of depth and reached a height of 9 meters. It communicated with the city through a bridge. It was a famous door, where heroes as Taira Masamori were received with pomps and honors. Nevertheless, at the end of the Heian period the district of Ukyo was deteriorated, and the porch became ruins and mulberry of malefactors and thieves, as it is portrayed in the famous film <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://www2.blogger.com/%253Chttp://video.google.com/videoplay%3Fdocid%3D-3611257047604037409%26q%3Drashomon&usg=ALkJrhjMmIFaH09YDxhT3-6mj6OznSNk4A">Rashomon by Akira Kurosawa (1950)</a> .<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/Rgj5ZDMcM8I/AAAAAAAABxg/3ud8Tjactsw/s1600-h/rashomon.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5046557591218172866" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/Rgj5ZDMcM8I/AAAAAAAABxg/3ud8Tjactsw/s400/rashomon.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12px;">Rashomon, Akira Kurokawa.</span> <span style="font-size: 12px;">Press <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://www2.blogger.com/%253Chttp://video.google.com/videoplay%3Fdocid%3D-3611257047604037409%26q%3Drashomon&usg=ALkJrhjMmIFaH09YDxhT3-6mj6OznSNk4A">here</a> to see the movie (English subtitles)</span></div>
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Rashomon was destroyed and in its place there is only a memorial stone.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/Rgj5UDMcM7I/AAAAAAAABxY/bUc8r2kHPS0/s1600-h/rajomon.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5046557505318826930" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/Rgj5UDMcM7I/AAAAAAAABxY/bUc8r2kHPS0/s400/rajomon.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 12px;">Place where once stood the Rashomon</span></div>
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To the sides of Rajomon had two major temples with their respective pagodas : the Temple of the West or Saiji and the Temple of the East or Toji . The first one is gone, but Toji still stands as the highest pagoda in Japan.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/Rgj5PDMcM6I/AAAAAAAABxQ/HMvo-nfLIz0/s1600-h/kyoto_toji_temple.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5046557419419480994" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/Rgj5PDMcM6I/AAAAAAAABxQ/HMvo-nfLIz0/s400/kyoto_toji_temple.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 12px;">Toji Pagoda</span><br />
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Heian Kyo was destroyed during the bloody wars in the Japanese middle age. The original layout of Heian Kyo is gone, buried up to 3 meters under the level of the present Kyoto. The plot of the present city is much smaller to the one of the one of Heian kyo, but it is still in general, a squared plot (different to most of Japanese cities). Also, the direction of the layout, the tradition of some streets and the natural surroundings are important references in the spatial perception of the city.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgkA9TMcM9I/AAAAAAAABxo/FIIsIqQrk5w/s1600-h/Heiankyo_landsat.jpg" style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5046565910569825234" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgkA9TMcM9I/AAAAAAAABxo/FIIsIqQrk5w/s400/Heiankyo_landsat.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a><span style="text-align: center;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12px;">Location of Heian Kyo in the current Kyoto</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12px;">Image: Wikipedia</span></div>
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Feng shui or Zoufuu tokusui was later used in the construction of temples, gardens, palaces and castles, some of which have been and will be commented in this blog. Also, the visual and symbolic relation of the city with mountains has been and is an important concept in the historical development of Kyoto. Numerous temples have been consecrated to the mountains (which were attributed magical and religious properties)and still today many festivals resemble this tradition. For example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gozan_Okuribi">Gozan non Okubiri</a> is a Buddhist celebration in which great bonfires are made in form of special characters, located in slopes of hills, containing prayers for the dead. This celebration is carried out in the evening of each 16 of August, and its most symbolic element is the Daimonji, that contains the Chinese character 大 (big).<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgmE5DMcM-I/AAAAAAAABxw/TugnEtz89EQ/s1600-h/daimonji2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5046710973090247650" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgmE5DMcM-I/AAAAAAAABxw/TugnEtz89EQ/s400/daimonji2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 78%;">Daimonji the fire festival.</span> <br />
<span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo courtesy of Noboru Ogata</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> </div>
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During the rest of the year these symbols remain as silent witnesses to the pact between the city and the mountains. <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgmHRjMcM_I/AAAAAAAABx4/GmuTF3ZwUP4/s1600-h/daimonji.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5046713593020298226" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgmHRjMcM_I/AAAAAAAABx4/GmuTF3ZwUP4/s400/daimonji.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Daimonji in the snow.</span> <br />
<span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo Carlos Zeballos.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span> </div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">- FENG SHUI IN TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE </span></span></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #e6ecf9;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/03/el-santuario-heian-y-el-teatro-noh.html&usg=ALkJrhhaRejhshDp_jVMHLM8seZjF6c6iw"><span style="font-size: 85%;">The Heian Shrine and the Noh Theatre </span></a></span></li>
<li style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/02/el-gran-buda-de-nara.html&usg=ALkJrhgjR77sh9VTVfAW-wHBezPCxp-T0w"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Todaiji Temple in Nara </span></span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2006/12/el-pabellon-de-oro.html&usg=ALkJrhj1C9GimybR8JNXrj0fbbrRFWm2nA"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;">The Golden Pavilion </span></span></span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2006/12/una-casa-de-t.html&usg=ALkJrhhh9gD1h4shgHorva7Z4Dn_AEG8lg">A teahouse</a></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">- <span style="font-style: italic;">ASIAN TRADITIONS</span></span></span> </span></div>
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">
</span> <br />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/01/los-baos-en-la-montaa-sagrada.html&usg=ALkJrhiHbXnXNDK2M4ngdfsOmTFviCN9bw"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;">The Baths of Holy Mountain / Hotspring in Mount Kurama</span></span></a> </li>
<li style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/03/el-feng-shui-en-el-urbanismo-asitico-i.html&usg=ALkJrhjHfPeTue6kV7WMt9kGrIAeX4lkPg">Feng Shui in urban Asian / Feng Shui in Asian Urbanism (Chang An).</a></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AqAn0qgaMag/UQPBfJHyu7I/AAAAAAAATIA/oaQHwUD8QrY/s1600/daimonji.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AqAn0qgaMag/UQPBfJHyu7I/AAAAAAAATIA/oaQHwUD8QrY/s400/daimonji.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Watching the Dai Monji with my dear friends, the Perujines. We avoided the crowds from a "secret" place at the Yoshida hill. Great view, but we had to fight the mosquitoes!</span></div>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-30979177112977000582013-01-22T06:00:00.000+09:002013-01-22T09:35:40.561+09:00FENG SHUI IN ASIAN URBANISM: XI'AN, CHINA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgVCIhZek1I/AAAAAAAABsY/6GaF2IS_Hc8/s1600-h/Copy+of+DSCN5420.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045511671710126930" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgVCIhZek1I/AAAAAAAABsY/6GaF2IS_Hc8/s400/Copy+of+DSCN5420.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Xian, China.</span> </div>
<span style="color: #000099; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-style: italic;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #000099;"><b><i>ESPAÑOL</i></b></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Feng Shui</span> is an ancient Chinese art that intends to channel the energy of the earth and the environment for the benefit of humans. In that sense, <span style="font-style: italic;">Feng Shui</span>
has recently achieved remarkable diffusion in the West through texts,
magazines and the Internet as a set of frequently used concepts in
interior design and decoration. However, the application of <span style="font-style: italic;">Feng Shui </span>techniques<span style="font-style: italic;">,</span>
dating back 4,000 years, were closely linked to the architectural and
landscape design and fundamentally to ancestral urban planning.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Feng Shui</span> (风水) (pronounced <span style="font-style: italic;">fong shway)</span> is a Chinese concept that means "wind and water". The Japanese voice <span style="font-style: italic;">Zoufuu Tokusui</span> (蔵风得水) gives a more specific description as it means <span style="font-style: italic;">"keep wind, get water."</span> The idea behind this principle is that "<span style="font-style: italic;">mankind
can avoid calamities and ensure their own welfare by determining the
divine will with respect to different places and then acting upon them"</span> (Higuchi, 1983). <br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgYsMRZek_I/AAAAAAAABto/FvxngbSdD4w/s1600-h/fengshui.gif"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045769021855536114" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgYsMRZek_I/AAAAAAAABto/FvxngbSdD4w/s320/fengshui.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a> Some authors define the Feng Shui as geomancy, ie a <span class="eAcep">"<span style="font-style: italic;">kind of magic and divination that uses landscape features or lines, circles or points made in the earth."</span></span> <span class="eAcep">But
the truth is that Feng Shi involves much more than just a form of art
or geomancy, is a way of life that analyzes the environment and their
relationship with humans.</span> <span class="eAcep">The
truth is that, "magic" or not, there are places that are more
conducive to human settlement than others, providing better sunlight,
best channeled winds in winter and summer, ensure efficient water supply
and provide a comfortable micro climate.</span><br />
<span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">VITAL FORCE</span> <span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span class="eAcep">The basis of Feng Shui is the vital energy that resides in all things, called <span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Chi</span> (气) in Chinese and <span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Ki</span> (気) in Japanese.</span> <span class="eAcep">(In that sense, there is an interesting parallel between the <span style="font-style: italic;">chi</span> and the <span style="font-style: italic;">Apus,</span>
the spirits that, according to the Incas, lived in the elements of nature and were also
considered in urban planning. I'll discuss about that <a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2007/03/planeamiento-inca-y-paisaje.html">in a future post</a>.
Instead , the <span style="font-style: italic;">genius loci</span> or "guardian spirit of the place" in Roman mythology, and was also an
important influence on European landscape design, has a more abstract character)</span> <span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span class="eAcep">According to Guo Pu, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, the <span style="font-style: italic;">chi</span> is the energy of the universe that is carried by the wind and the </span>retained by <span class="eAcep">water.</span> <span class="eAcep">However, the <span style="font-style: italic;">chi</span> could be either positive or negative.</span> <span class="eAcep">By
manipulating the quality of the wind and water as well as studying the
properties of a space or territory and human behavior, it was possible to
benefit from this energy flow.</span><br />
<span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">BALANCE</span> <span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span class="eAcep">A
fundamental concept in Feng Shui is that the universe is governed by
the existence of opposing forces, but complement each other for their
existence and development.</span> <span class="eAcep">This concept is known as <span style="font-style: italic;">Yin</span> and <span style="font-style: italic;">Yang.</span></span> <span class="eAcep">As can be seen in the <span style="font-style: italic;">Taijitu, yin</span> (meaning "shady location, north hill" is the force receptive, feminine, dark, passive) is complemented by the <span style="font-style: italic;">yang</span> (means "a sunny, south hill", is the creative force , male, light and active), there being a continuous flow between them.</span> <span class="eAcep">Moreover, the <span style="font-style: italic;">yin</span> has within himself part of <span style="font-style: italic;">yang</span> and vice versa.</span> <span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgVEHBZek8I/AAAAAAAABtQ/IMrr9_K7t08/s1600-h/yin-yang.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045513844963578818" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgVEHBZek8I/AAAAAAAABtQ/IMrr9_K7t08/s320/yin-yang.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 141px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 145px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">The Taijitu, representative figure of Yin Yang</span> </div>
<span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">DIRECTIONS AND ELEMENTS</span> <span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span class="eAcep">An octagonal diagram called <span style="font-style: italic;">Pa Kua </span></span>or <span class="eAcep"><span style="font-style: italic;">Bagua</span> identified a direction according to the four cardinal points (north, south, east and
west), and their intermediate variations (NE, NW, SE, SW) and associated them with
symbolic elements:</span><br />
<span class="eAcep"><br /></span>
<span class="eAcep">* North - water</span> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgYr5RZek-I/AAAAAAAABtg/4fc_7bsZ2Es/s1600-h/Pa_Kua_diagrama_.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045768695438021602" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgYr5RZek-I/AAAAAAAABtg/4fc_7bsZ2Es/s320/Pa_Kua_diagrama_.png" style="cursor: pointer; float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px;" /></a> <br />
<span class="eAcep">* South - fire</span> <span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span class="eAcep">* This - wood</span> <span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span class="eAcep">* West - metal</span> <span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span class="eAcep">* Northwest - metal</span> <span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span class="eAcep">* Northeast - land</span> <span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span class="eAcep">* Southwest - land</span> <br />
<span class="eAcep">* Southeast - wood</span><br />
<span class="eAcep"><br /></span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">ORGANIZING THE TERRITORY TO THE FENG SHUI</span> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgZYzxZelQI/AAAAAAAABvw/cLBp2M1ChE4/s1600-h/ca-animals.gif"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045818078971991298" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgZYzxZelQI/AAAAAAAABvw/cLBp2M1ChE4/s320/ca-animals.gif" style="cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 287px; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; width: 287px;" /></a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
According to Akita Nariaki, <span style="font-style: italic;">"the four directions </span><span style="font-style: italic;">belong to</span><span style="font-style: italic;"> the </span><span style="font-style: italic;">Green Dragon (east), the Crimson Bird (north), the White Tiger (west) and the Black Snake-Turtle (south); mountains, hills,
buildings and houses are represented by these beasts.</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">By
studying the configuration of mountains and rivers, a site is selected where the vital energy that flows through the land is confined by water
and not dispersed by the wind, and that place becomes propitious for building houses for the living and tombs for the dead.</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">If
one follows this principle, their descendants will nourish on the vital
energy of the earth and obtain wealth, happiness and long life.</span> "<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">THE URBAN GRID.</span> <br />
<br />
With so clearly identified symbolic elements associated to the cardinal points, the grid emerged as a favorite urban pattern. The grid layout has been a scheme used throughout history to facilitate efficient territorial occupation.
The Romans used it in their military camps, drawn from <i>cardum </i>and
<i>decumanum</i>, the Spaniards used it in the foundation of cities during the Reconquista or their expansion in
the Americas, and subsequently the grid-iron pattern was used in cities like Chicago or La Plata. But in the case of Feng Shui, the grid was used to symbolize magical principles, a representation of a celestial order on earth. <br />
<br />
The grid model was first used in Chang An, the capital of the Han
Chinese and widely replicated in cities such as current Kyongju in Koreaor Heijou Kyou (Nara) and Heian Kyo (Kyoto) in Japan.<br />
<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L1rred4xDK0/UP0NN4xQlzI/AAAAAAAATHw/q40xValVTz8/s1600/1(74).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="315" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L1rred4xDK0/UP0NN4xQlzI/AAAAAAAATHw/q40xValVTz8/s400/1(74).jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Old capital Chang An</div>
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">CHANG'AN IN CHINA</span> <br />
<br />
The city of Chang'an <span lang="zh-Hans">(长安</span> meaning "lasting peace"), currently known as Xi'An was the capital of Tang Dynasty in China from 618 to 907.
It was founded long before by Liu Bang in 202 BC, creator of the first
unified Chinese empire in the Han Dynasty. But it was during the Tang
Dynasty where the city was at its height, being the largest city in
Asia, equivalent to Rome in the West. <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgY70hZelBI/AAAAAAAABt4/-puW3mxkJeo/s1600-h/xin_38090327155995328304107.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" height="280" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045786206019687442" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgY70hZelBI/AAAAAAAABt4/-puW3mxkJeo/s400/xin_38090327155995328304107.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" width="400" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">3D Reconstruction of Chang An</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> <br />
<br /></div>
The shape of the city is a rectangle where the city exactly aligned to the cardinal points.
All elements of the city were arranged according to Feng Shui principles: the separation into functional areas, the location of urban cults to the
gods, ancestors and the heavens. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgXyQBZek9I/AAAAAAAABtY/Vy3ODxQJ_Po/s1600-h/chnag+ang+spanish+copia.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045705314605634514" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgXyQBZek9I/AAAAAAAABtY/Vy3ODxQJ_Po/s400/chnag+ang+spanish+copia.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a> <br />
<br />
The rigid geometric order was also a symbol of the concentration of
power and hierarchy of the mystical figure of the emperor. The scheme was generally symmetrical with the palace located north looking south, followed by an administrative area. Two major markets were located on either side of the city.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgY-nBZelEI/AAAAAAAABuQ/oIwBTA6yicY/s1600-h/changan1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" height="238" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045789272626336834" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgY-nBZelEI/AAAAAAAABuQ/oIwBTA6yicY/s400/changan1.jpg" style="display: block; height: 188px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 315px;" width="400" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">This market.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Image courtesy of National University of Singapore</span> </div>
<br />
In the south, there was a large pond in the middle of a garden of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibiscus&usg=ALkJrhhOa-D0BkNdcox0CwNMpuliOyBCKw">hibiscus</a> .
The city was defended by walls that made even clearer the geometric
scheme, interrupted only by majestic gates, such as the Gate Ming Te. <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgY_rRZelFI/AAAAAAAABuY/ibfaExtGouM/s1600-h/changan3.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045790445152408658" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgY_rRZelFI/AAAAAAAABuY/ibfaExtGouM/s400/changan3.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Home Ming Te.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Image courtesy of National University of Singapore</span> </div>
<span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span>
Chang'an was destroyed at the end of the Tang Dynasty and reconstructed as Xian, and while maintaining the geometric pattern of the ancient
capital, today there is little that can be recognized from the original
city. Important historical areas were demolished to make room to anonymous modern buildings during the Mao era, as it also happened in Beijing and many other Chinese cities.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgZEFxZelLI/AAAAAAAABvI/Ip2fOgUZlYA/s1600-h/monumento.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045795298465453234" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgZEFxZelLI/AAAAAAAABvI/Ip2fOgUZlYA/s400/monumento.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a> <br />
In addition, the development boom in the Chinese economy is destroying the rich heritage of this city at breakneck speeds. A pity. <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgVDQBZek4I/AAAAAAAABsw/xpDULlrHaH0/s1600-h/Copy+of+DSCN5430.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" height="300" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045512900070773634" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgVDQBZek4I/AAAAAAAABsw/xpDULlrHaH0/s400/Copy+of+DSCN5430.JPG" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" width="400" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgZFshZelOI/AAAAAAAABvg/5h63X2gvmQo/s1600-h/murallas+5.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045797063697011938" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgZFshZelOI/AAAAAAAABvg/5h63X2gvmQo/s400/murallas+5.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgZF3hZelPI/AAAAAAAABvo/P-mLO12TBq4/s1600-h/papittas+en+muralla.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045797252675572978" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgZF3hZelPI/AAAAAAAABvo/P-mLO12TBq4/s400/papittas+en+muralla.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Walls of Xian</span> </div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgYzeBZelAI/AAAAAAAABtw/ME1nftv-vnI/s1600-h/xian2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045777023379608578" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgYzeBZelAI/AAAAAAAABtw/ME1nftv-vnI/s400/xian2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a> Xi'An today. While retaining a geometric pattern and orientation toward the cardinal points, as well as a large wall and a surrounding ditch, the city does not have the magnificency of old Chang An.<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=212979602115923110569.00046250ac1738f6760ea&msa=0&ll=34.264665,108.94927&spn=0.036106,0.084543">See location Google Maps </a></span></div>
<br />
For a virtual reconstruction of Chang'An click here. <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<object height="350" width="425"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/SEM1_0cvq6o" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="350" width="425"></object></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">Sources:</span> <br />
<ul>
<li> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Higuchi, T.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%; font-style: italic;">The Structure of Visual and Spatial Landscape.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">1983.</span> </li>
<li> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Leung, S.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%; font-style: italic;">Feng Shui: An Ancient myth in an Urban Modern Settlement.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Chinese University of Hong Kong.</span> </li>
<li> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Clark, V.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%; font-style: italic;">Understanding Feng Shui.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">2001.</span> </li>
<li> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Feng Shui in Wikipedia.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Spanish / English</span> </li>
<li> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Kostof, S.</span> <i><span style="font-size: 85%;">The City Assembled.</span> </i><span style="font-size: 85%;"><i>Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History</i>.</span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">1991.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgZEYxZelMI/AAAAAAAABvQ/wVa1VO21T_U/s1600-h/kobayashi.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5045795624882967746" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_J0XsQeUu1tE/RgZEYxZelMI/AAAAAAAABvQ/wVa1VO21T_U/s320/kobayashi.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 78%;">In Xi'An with Prof. Kobayashi, just five minutes before some pickpocket took away my wallet.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Well, I took the positive side of things ...</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">very few times you can have a tour around Xian ... in a police patrol car!</span> </div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">- FENG SHUI IN TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE </span></span></span><br />
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<ul>
<li style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/01/todai-ji-temple-great-buddha-of-nara.html">Todaiji Temple in Nara, Japan.</a> </span></li>
<li> <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2010/01/kinkaku-ji-golden-pavilion.html">The Golden Pavilion, Kinkaku ji, Kyoto, Japan</a></span></span></span></li>
<li> <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2010/11/kiyomizudera-temple-of-pure-water.html">Kiyomizu dera, Kyoto, Japan</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2010/02/borobudur-indonesia.html">Borobudur, Indonesia</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-style: italic;"><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2010/01/ayutthaya-ghost-capital-of-thailand.html"><b>Ayutthaya, Thailand</b></a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1679876656024857869.post-60475125964945679112012-12-21T02:46:00.000+09:002012-12-21T02:46:28.592+09:00TULUM AND WHAT WILL REALLY HAPPEN ON 21-12-12<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KaOuRPg674k/UNJMZaOdYdI/AAAAAAAATDo/iVpgsHOpFjU/s1600/tulumairweb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nD_Qw_mZqbw/UNJM3HkrGpI/AAAAAAAATD0/_Oq_OoHTyOE/s1600/Xux-Ek+Amanecer.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nD_Qw_mZqbw/UNJM3HkrGpI/AAAAAAAATD0/_Oq_OoHTyOE/s400/Xux-Ek+Amanecer.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2012/12/tulum-y-lo-que-realmente-pasara-el-21.html">ESPAÑOL</a></div>
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According to Mayan astronomical calculations, something extraordinary will happen this 12/12/21.
However, it will have nothing to do with the crazy story about an apocalyptic end of the world, but with alignment of various
architectural monuments in the Mayan cities with the position of the sun
on that day. One of such cases, less known than <b><a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.ru/2012/12/chichen-itza.html">Chichen Itza</a>,</b> is <b>Tulum,</b> a city built in the Late Post-classic period (1200-1521 AD) which stands dominant, over a stunning Caribbean seascape of turquoise waters and white sand beaches. </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AO58QCpsiqg/UNJMNpDL8OI/AAAAAAAATCM/VY4GYp0MPz0/s1600/Tulumnew.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AO58QCpsiqg/UNJMNpDL8OI/AAAAAAAATCM/VY4GYp0MPz0/s400/Tulumnew.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vRB6zfc0mv4/UNJMUy5FuTI/AAAAAAAATDE/IduWHnnH43c/s1600/tulum05+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vRB6zfc0mv4/UNJMUy5FuTI/AAAAAAAATDE/IduWHnnH43c/s400/tulum05+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-niTk4zNplvE/UNJMOaxueCI/AAAAAAAATCQ/EQ8D7O9lkJ0/s1600/Web-Mex-Tulum_2.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="235" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-niTk4zNplvE/UNJMOaxueCI/AAAAAAAATCQ/EQ8D7O9lkJ0/s400/Web-Mex-Tulum_2.gif" width="400" /></a> </div>
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At dawn on the winter solstice, the sun is "framed" on a small window
in the building called the Castle, showing the connection of the city
not only with its surrounding seascape but with its cosmological
environment. </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_qOynjnlJmU/UNJMQ33MgzI/AAAAAAAATCo/hTFprm5b05Q/s1600/tulum+%281%29+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="302" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_qOynjnlJmU/UNJMQ33MgzI/AAAAAAAATCo/hTFprm5b05Q/s400/tulum+%281%29+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Similar alignments also occur during the equinoxes, when the sunlight passes through an opening and it is projected over a specific building.
Such astronomical calculations allowed Mayan rulers to control the
population, which must have looked stunned as the sun god was confined
and trapped in a building opening following the "orders" of their kings and priests. </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ECoub48rksM/UNJMPHh5QaI/AAAAAAAATCY/aPWeM0-mgEM/s1600/arqueoast2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="263" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ECoub48rksM/UNJMPHh5QaI/AAAAAAAATCY/aPWeM0-mgEM/s400/arqueoast2.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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For this reason the city was originally known by the Mayans as <i><b>Zama,</b></i>
meaning "Dawn" and highlights the impact that this phenomenon had on
the local collective memory (using astronomical calculations in
architecture is not unique to the Mayans, although these had a very
advanced calendar system. In this blog we have discussed similar cases such as the Neolithic monuments of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2008/11/el-paisaje-sagrado-de-stonehenge.html&usg=ALkJrhhuQd7SECCsEUbSBPu9tJKpPagCaA">Stonehenge in England</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2012/04/newgrange-irlanda-una-tumba-megalitica.html&usg=ALkJrhh5pdQo7H4I_1YINM4E977BElxLpw">Newgrange in Ireland</a> , as well as the sun temples in <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2007/03/planeamiento-inca-y-paisaje.html&usg=ALkJrhgjUxBfIBWfe9UIBxxUH4MSXFSw2Q">Ollantaytambo</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2007/07/machu-picchu-arquitectura-y-paisaje.html&usg=ALkJrhhIn2DD1xxGigcDOKXFs8Zg00jtkQ">Machu Picchu</a> in Peru). </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ECoub48rksM/UNJMPHh5QaI/AAAAAAAATCY/aPWeM0-mgEM/s1600/arqueoast2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-divDdwzvvXI/UNJMD4Yl-JI/AAAAAAAATBU/Hr4LSeZcGEw/s1600/DSC_0493+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-divDdwzvvXI/UNJMD4Yl-JI/AAAAAAAATBU/Hr4LSeZcGEw/s400/DSC_0493+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
<br /> However, the current name comes from an urban feature: <i>Tulum</i>
means wall or fence and refers to the 380 x 170 meters rectangular wall which protects the city from three sides (the short ones to the north and south and the long one to the west).<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4yO1nzMGV70/UNLi6PjoqPI/AAAAAAAATFI/2PRr-M4y4g8/s1600/google.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="207" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4yO1nzMGV70/UNLi6PjoqPI/AAAAAAAATFI/2PRr-M4y4g8/s400/google.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=212979602115923110569.00046250ac1738f6760ea&msa=0&ll=20.214663,-87.42903&spn=0.001281,0.002642">See location on Google Maps</a> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EbqEMqwrnmY/UNJMYqBTUfI/AAAAAAAATDg/HtSXk8mNo74/s1600/tulum_03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EbqEMqwrnmY/UNJMYqBTUfI/AAAAAAAATDg/HtSXk8mNo74/s400/tulum_03.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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The east side was protected naturally by the cliff that overlooks the
sea, and that gives the city a privileged visibility over the seascape.
The gates on the wall are linked in a unique urban pattern based on the
existence of paved avenues that connected the entrances with the main temple. </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-q6UPDFebH4M/UNJL5fhDQ5I/AAAAAAAATAc/PWH2InbC99E/s1600/DSC_0420+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a> </div>
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ilUQzSpr9i4/UNJL2vBwRpI/AAAAAAAATAM/vsS7UqhY3_Q/s1600/10314305-archaeological-ruins-of-tulum-in-mexico.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="271" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ilUQzSpr9i4/UNJL2vBwRpI/AAAAAAAATAM/vsS7UqhY3_Q/s400/10314305-archaeological-ruins-of-tulum-in-mexico.jpg" width="400" /></a> <br /><div>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-q6UPDFebH4M/UNJL5fhDQ5I/AAAAAAAATAc/PWH2InbC99E/s1600/DSC_0420+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-q6UPDFebH4M/UNJL5fhDQ5I/AAAAAAAATAc/PWH2InbC99E/s400/DSC_0420+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></span> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pOZKShUZz8c/UNJMTAkWzkI/AAAAAAAATC8/99fCtd-B3e8/s1600/tulum-18+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pOZKShUZz8c/UNJMTAkWzkI/AAAAAAAATC8/99fCtd-B3e8/s400/tulum-18+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The Castle, front view (from the west)</span> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-coJE3DTc8a8/UNJMKQbgnyI/AAAAAAAATB8/gnmfg_dYOUs/s1600/Mayan_Ruins_Tulum_Mexico+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-coJE3DTc8a8/UNJMKQbgnyI/AAAAAAAATB8/gnmfg_dYOUs/s400/Mayan_Ruins_Tulum_Mexico+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dD4j2lsZNK0/UNJL__VZUbI/AAAAAAAATBE/GGtRsIKt90c/s1600/DSC_0483+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dD4j2lsZNK0/UNJL__VZUbI/AAAAAAAATBE/GGtRsIKt90c/s400/DSC_0483+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IZgttXGINDY/UNJL-rQAQAI/AAAAAAAATA8/K3Bo6YeK6A4/s1600/DSC_0471+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IZgttXGINDY/UNJL-rQAQAI/AAAAAAAATA8/K3Bo6YeK6A4/s400/DSC_0471+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">El Castillo, rear views (from the east)</span> </div>
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On the architecture of its buildings, historian Gustavo J. Gutiérrez León writes (quote translated from Spanish) :</div>
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<i>"The
use of broad </i><i>bottleneck</i><i>-shaped vaulted ceiling , typical of the Maya
culture, stand along with flat roofs constructed of logs supported on the
walls. Internal spaces are rectangular and sometimes extended by the use
of central columns which supported a wooden lock -Palace and House of
Columns. Occasionally buildings have a columned portico, which </i><i>in the Castle </i><i>took
shape of snakes, as in the analog building in Chichén Itzá.
Internally the structures have two or more rooms, in the deepest one there is a
small shrine: Temple of the Frescoes, House of Columns- as in the case of Palenque. Equally common is the use of shrines: small independent
structures that do not exceed one meter high.</i></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HSUDjV0cIko/UNJL3_MiKkI/AAAAAAAATAU/SUVA0xUl8TU/s1600/DSC_0400+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uGtPESCTX8I/UNJMG04pSmI/AAAAAAAATBk/71fOjU2vTHA/s1600/IMG_0346+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uGtPESCTX8I/UNJMG04pSmI/AAAAAAAATBk/71fOjU2vTHA/s400/IMG_0346+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<i>In general, the buildings are low with facades divided by moldings, thus emphasizing their horizontality.</i> <i>Friezes usually have boards in which a character is represented upside down -Temples of the Descending God and frescoes.</i> <i>The walls of the temples are intentionally tilted outwards, giving a peculiar effect.</i> <i>To counteract the load, the door openings are narrow at the top.</i> <i>The lintels are recessed with respect to the facade beyond the edge of the accesses.</i> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YHr6no1tEOM/UNJMICt3NRI/AAAAAAAATBs/j6y5wA7qnv0/s1600/IMG_0348+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YHr6no1tEOM/UNJMICt3NRI/AAAAAAAATBs/j6y5wA7qnv0/s400/IMG_0348+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YwWcxmI-9VY/UNLqYHD9eFI/AAAAAAAATGc/yTAo6jd3iyU/s1600/tulum_04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="231" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YwWcxmI-9VY/UNLqYHD9eFI/AAAAAAAATGc/yTAo6jd3iyU/s400/tulum_04.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Temple of the Frescoes</span> </div>
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<i>But there are also unique architectural features of the place.</i> <i>Stucco
masks on the corners of some buildings, such as the Temple of the
Frescoes, hence the character is identified as Itzamna, the most
important deity in the Mayan Post-classic period.</i> <i>Another feature of the Maya culture in general, linked to architecture, appears in Tulum: mural painting.</i> <i>As elsewhere in the Post-classic period, the characters are gods and not humans anymore -Temple of the Frescoes and the Descending God. "</i> </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kzuKsz9xWYo/UNJL8LZRABI/AAAAAAAATAs/-w2ODM_SxrM/s1600/DSC_0436+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kzuKsz9xWYo/UNJL8LZRABI/AAAAAAAATAs/-w2ODM_SxrM/s400/DSC_0436+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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In 2006 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://www.arquine.com/en&usg=ALkJrhjrJF_ckHZoSrTe6UhrDX1EChMLOg">Arquine</a> conducted an academic competition for a museum (never built, by the way) whose winners were the team 5NOVE/Alessandro Consol. The proposal was entirely underground to avoid interfering with the surrounding monuments, but it was connected to the outside by means
of light wells in the form of truncated pyramids. </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lbZUppBLpbY/UNJMV-LExHI/AAAAAAAATDI/0Wd9943BKVA/s1600/tulum1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="350" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lbZUppBLpbY/UNJMV-LExHI/AAAAAAAATDI/0Wd9943BKVA/s400/tulum1.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KIij04vJQOk/UNJMWTSZE9I/AAAAAAAATDU/02ySh9bM73k/s1600/tulum2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KIij04vJQOk/UNJMWTSZE9I/AAAAAAAATDU/02ySh9bM73k/s400/tulum2.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DHPtE4FiRFE/UNJMX-4UIBI/AAAAAAAATDY/So2c_f6vAeg/s1600/tulum3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DHPtE4FiRFE/UNJMX-4UIBI/AAAAAAAATDY/So2c_f6vAeg/s400/tulum3.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Due to its location, Tulum must have had an important role in regional trade.
While the scale of the buildings is not as monumental as in other Mayan
cities, nor its building have very special finishings, we were enormously impressed by its spectacular location in the landscape and
their profound astronomical knowledge in the service of architecture . </div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #333399;"><span style="font-family: lucida grande; font-size: 130%;">SEE ALSO</span></span></span> </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #333399; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold;">- <i>ANCIENT </i><span style="font-style: italic;">ARCHITECTURE AND ASTRONOMY</span></span></span></span> </div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/06/el-templo-de-borobudur-indonesia.html&usg=ALkJrhh4JFohfF7BtNllEPt5LTkzHv4JGQ">Borobudur temple.</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/06/el-templo-de-borobudur-indonesia.html&usg=ALkJrhh4JFohfF7BtNllEPt5LTkzHv4JGQ">Indonesia</a></span> </li>
<li style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ru/2012/11/chichen-itza.html&usg=ALkJrhiNDOBm0FN32fvHN5HHL9cZt-aUJg">Chichen Itza, Mexico</a></span> </li>
<li style="text-align: left;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/07/machu-picchu-arquitectura-y-paisaje.html&usg=ALkJrhhiePbvzCx-0HWiixiGLvdPDM15yQ"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Machu Picchu, architecture and landscape</span></a> </li>
<li style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2012/04/newgrange-irlanda-una-tumba-megalitica.html&usg=ALkJrhh5pdQo7H4I_1YINM4E977BElxLpw">Newgrange Mound with passage.</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.ca/2012/04/newgrange-irlanda-una-tumba-megalitica.html&usg=ALkJrhh5pdQo7H4I_1YINM4E977BElxLpw">Ireland (3200 BC)</a></span> </li>
<li style="text-align: left;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2007/07/machu-picchu-arquitectura-y-paisaje.html&usg=ALkJrhhiePbvzCx-0HWiixiGLvdPDM15yQ"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Ollantaytambo, Inca Planning and Landscape</span></a> </li>
<li style="text-align: left;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?client=tmpg&depth=1&hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&u=http://moleskinearquitectonico.blogspot.com/2008/11/el-paisaje-sagrado-de-stonehenge.html&usg=ALkJrhg7ncv5wWpiKza_i-M9gAkggL5Ztg"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Stonehenge, the sacred landscape</span></a> <span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span></li>
</ul>
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Carlos Zeballoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02284405357636315233noreply@blogger.com113